perfect infinitive

动词不定式的完成式,如同动词不定式的一般式一样,在句中可以作主语、合成谓语、宾语、主语补足语、形容词补足语等。

A. 主语

1. To have lived all one's life in a small village gives one a rather limited outlook. 在小村子里居住了一辈子，会使人产生相当狭隘的人生观。

2. It has been a privilege to have travelled so much in your country. 在贵国游览了这么多地方是很难得的。

3. To have studied English at least six years is the qualification for this position. 至少学过6年英语才有资格获得这个职位。

4. It's important to have slept well the night before you take an exam. 在考试前夜睡好觉是非常重要的。

B. 1. 与情态动词构成合成谓语，见 can $^{9}$ , could have done, may have done, might $^{7-12}$ , must + 完成时不定式, needn't have done, ought to have done, should have done, had better have done

2. 与半助动词构成合成谓语, 见 be to $^{7}$ , supposed $^{4,10}$

C. 动词的宾语

1. He pretended to have read the book. 他假装读过这本书。

2. We hope to have finished the job by next Saturday. 我们希望下周六前完成这项工作。

D. 真实宾语

They thought it a pity not to have invited her. 他们认为没有邀请她是一件憾事。

E. 主语补足语

1. The man appeared to have been drinking. 这个男人好像是一直在喝酒。

2. I happened to have driven that kind of car before. 我碰巧从前开过这种车。

3. Between 1850 and 1910 the bison population is thought to have fallen from 60 million to just a few hundred. 人们认为，在1850年至1910年之间野牛的头数从6000万头降到只剩几百头了。

F. 形容词补足语

1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 真对不起,让你等了这么长时间。

2. We're glad to have invited you. 我们很高兴邀请了你。

3. I am sorry to have done that. 我对我做过的这件事表示遗憾。

(参见infinitive $^{15,16}$ )