——Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls? ——Yes. They have better players, so I ____ them to win. A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want(全国高考99-20)
答案为 C,能否选 A(hope) 呢?
不能选 A, 见 hope/wish。
原书 PDF 第 505—506 页
expect/hope
——Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls? ——Yes. They have better players, so I ____ them to win. A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. want(全国高考99-20)
答案为 C,能否选 A(hope) 呢?
不能选 A, 见 hope/wish。
expect to do
She ____ to get some cards for her birthday, but none arrived. A. promised B. expected C. supposed D. required(上海会考,92-21) 上题中的答案 expected 是什么意思?
expect + to-v 是“期待、预料、预计”的意思。
You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a week. 不要指望一个星期就能学会一门外语。
I expect to be treated with respect. 我指望受到尊敬。
expect 的过去时或过去完成时有时表示“本指望、本预料”的意思。上面的试题便具有
此种含义, 见 expect , mean 。
In the typical family in the modern period before 1945, a bride, especially when she married an eldest son who would become the family heir, went to live with her husband's family and was expected to adapt to the “ways of the family”.
[原译]在一九四五年以前的现代社会的典型家庭中,出嫁的女子——尤其是嫁给一个有继承权的长子的女子——必须同她丈夫的一家人住在一起,以便适应这家人的生活方式。(《英美短篇时文选读》,p.43)
把 was expected 译为“以便”,是否正确?
英国语言学家 R. A. Close 说“‘I expect him to come’ 的意思,既可以是‘I think he'll come’(我预料他会来),也可以是‘My orders are that he should come’(我要求他来)”。expect 用作被动态时,情况亦是如此。在上例中 expect 显然是指后一含义(demand,require)。原文的意思是说,出嫁的女子不仅要住在婆家,而且还必须顺应婆家的生活方式。这本是两项并列的严格要求,而原译译者由于误解了 expect 的词义,把这两项要求变成一项了。
[试译]……出嫁的女子……要住在婆婆家,并且必须顺应“婆婆家的生活方式”。
what to expect
I've worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects(全国高考,00-19)
《英语周报·高中教师版》第24期有一篇文章对上面的试题作了如下解答:
“此题考查的是不定式复合结构……即 what to expect = what I will expect.”
我觉得这种解释似乎有误。
expect除作“预料、预计”解之外,还可作“要求”“期望”(demand, require)解:上题中的expect便具有后一含义。因此,把上题中的what to expect解释为what I will expect(预料)是违背原意的。实际上,expect的逻辑主语并非是I,而是泛指的人们(people): what to expect = what for people to expect of me[人们期望(要求)我的是什么]。亦可理解为: what is expected in my new job。
You expect too much of your child. 你对孩子的期望太高了。
What do you expect me to say? 你要我说什么?
I am expected to work every Saturday. 我每星期六都得上班。
It's what we expected. 这正是我们所期望的。
[句意]我以前做过儿童工作,所以,我知道我的新工作要求些什么。
(参见 expect )
expect to have done/expected to have done
《中学英语语法》(修订本)(外研社,p.247)说:“动词不定式的完成式主要体现它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。但在plan, hope, expect, should (would) like 等动词之后,则表示没有实现的行为。”
我的问题是: 当 expect 用作一般现在时时, 其后的动词不定式的完成式也表示“没有实现的行为”吗?
应当明确,当 expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, think, want 等动词用作过去时或过去完成时,其后的动词不定式的完成式才表示“没有实现的行为”。而 expect 等动词的一般现在时后的动词不定式的完成式并不表示“没有实现的行为”,而是表示动作的完成:
He expects to have written the last chapter by tomorrow evening. 他希望明天傍晚前写完最后一章。
When do you expect to have finished? ——By the end of June... 你希望什么时候完成?——六月末……
He expects to have written it tomorrow morning. 他估计明天早上可以写好。
expect/wait for