I heard a noise in the bathroom.
介词短语 in the bathroom 是作谓语 heard 的地点状语呢, 还是作 a noise 的定语呢?
就孤立的句子来看,这个句子是有歧义的。既可以理解为:“我在洗澡间里听见了声音。”(I was in the bathroom.),也可以理解为:“我听见了洗澡间里的声音。”(The noise was in the bathroom.)(参见 CGEL, § 8.37)
原书 PDF 第 644—645 页
I heard a noise in the bathroom.
介词短语 in the bathroom 是作谓语 heard 的地点状语呢, 还是作 a noise 的定语呢?
就孤立的句子来看,这个句子是有歧义的。既可以理解为:“我在洗澡间里听见了声音。”(I was in the bathroom.),也可以理解为:“我听见了洗澡间里的声音。”(The noise was in the bathroom.)(参见 CGEL, § 8.37)
hear about/hear of
Well, what else did you hear about at the meeting?
句中的 hear about 是什么意思?它与 hear of 有无区别?
hear about 意为“听到”“听说”“听到关于……的消息”,其中的 about 为介词。在上句
中,它的宾语是 what else。它与 hear of 同义,但是在口语语体中更为常用。
How did you hear about our product? 你是怎样听到有关我们产品的事的?
I have never heard about him. 我从未听说过他。
I've been hearing all about his accident. 关于他的那次事故我全都听说了。
“Do you know Patterson?” “No, I’ve never heard of him.” “你认识帕得森吗?” “不认识,我从来没听说过这个人。”
I've never heard of that, Sir. Will the men enjoy eating it, Sir? 我从未听说过这样的事,先生。水手们会喜欢吃吗,先生?
hear from/be heard from
Two years later, her father disappeared, never to be heard from again.
hear from 中的 from 是介词, 它的宾语呢?
有一种分析方法,使我们能够很容易地理解这种结构的特点:把不及物动词+介词结构看作是一个及物动词(look at, hear from, look after, agree on), 而把介词的宾语看作整个动词的宾语。在被动句中这个宾语便变成了句子的主语:
I heard from my sister. → My sister was heard from (by me). 我收到姐姐的信。
She looked after her son. Her son was looked after. 她照看她的儿子。
We arrived at a conclusion. A conclusion was arrived at. 我们得出了结论。(参见 look at, agree on , passives )
hear from/hear of
I still haven't heard from her. (Longman English Grammar)
[原译]我还是没有听到她的消息。(《朗文英语语法》,外研社,p.249)
请问译文是否准确?
hear from 原意是:“收到……的信(电报等),接到电话”,而不是“听到……的消息”。hear of 才是“听到……的消息”:
I will do nothing further until I hear from you. (Wood) 不得到你的回音,我不会往下干。
Let us hear from you as soon as possible. (ECD) 请尽快给我们写信。
Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate hearing from you soon. 埃玛在信中说,如你能很快给她写信,她将非常高兴。
She hasn't heard of her husband's death. (ECD) 她还没有听到丈夫去世的消息。
We all rejoiced to hear of your success. (GPU) 听到你获得成功的消息,我们大家都很高兴。
[试译]我至今还没有收到她的来信/接到她的电话。或者:她至今还没有跟我联系。
hear sb. do/doing
Fortunately people want to come and hear me play, but I am getting very tired of travelling. [《高中英语教科书》第二册(下), 人教社, p. 68]
与该书配套的《教师教学用书》(p.151)作了如下注解:
“在英语中,有些感觉动词(如 feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch 等)后要跟复合宾语,即‘宾语 + 宾语补足语’(如 hear sb. do/doing sth.)。在上述结构中,宾语由 sb. 表示,宾语补足语由 do/doing sth. 表示。也就是说宾语补足语可以是不带 to 的不定式,也可以是-ing 形式。那么,这两种表示法有何区别呢?
在 hear sb. do sth. 结构中, 不带 to 的不定式表示的是一个完成的动作, 如在 I heard him speak. (我听了他的发言。) 中的不定式 speak 表示已发过言了 (比较: He spoke.) ; 而在 I heard him speaking. (我听见他在说话。) 中的 speaking 表示 正在说话' (比较: He was speaking.) 。前者表示‘说话了’, 后者表示‘正在说话’。”
《教师用书》的作者说 I heard him speak. 中的 speak 表示“一个完成的动作”“说话了”。这是我不能理解的: 在我听的时候, speak 怎么会是一个完成的动作呢?
“一个完成的动作”的说法是不正确的。“一个完成的动作”是对哪个时间参照点而言?如果是对说话的此刻而言,那么,当hear(feel, notice, see, watch, observe)为过去时,不管是不带to的动词不定式,还是现在分词都表示“完成的动作”:
I heard her singing. (难道说话的此刻她还在唱歌吗?)
如果 hear(feel, notice, see, watch, observe) 为一般现在时或一般将来时, 则不带 to 的动词不定式不可能是“一个完成的动作”。People want to come and hear me play. 能解释为说话的此刻 play 是“一个已完成的动作(已演出过了)”吗?
如果“一个完成的动作”是对 hear(feel, notice, see, watch, observe) 本身而言,那就更讲不通了。I heard him speak. 能解释为我听的时候“他已发过言了”吗? I heard her sing. 能解释为我听的时候“她唱过歌了”吗?
可见,在上述结构中不带 to 的动词不定式表示“一个已完成动作”的说法是站不住脚的。
实际上,不带 to 的动词不定式表示整个活动(a complete activity, a complete action 或 a whole action),而现在分词表示正在进行的动作(an activity in progress)或者不管是不是全过程。
Tim watched Bill mend/mending the lamp.
CGEL 解释说, 不带 to 的动词不定式表示 Tim 看到了 Bill 修理灯的全过程或整个工作 (the whole job)。而现在分词就没有这个含义。
PEG(p.239)对这两种结构的含义也作了明确的说明:
I saw him change the wheel of his car. 意味着我看到了整个动作过程。
I saw him changing the wheel of his car. 可能意味着我只看到动作过程的一部分。
因此,I saw him cross the road. 是指“我看到他穿过马路的整个过程”(从离开人行道到另一边的人行道),而 I saw him crossing the road. 则是指“我看到他正在穿越马路”。
请注意下列动词使用不定式与使用分词在意义上的差别:
I watched them 我看到他们
They didn't hear the door close. 他们没有听到门关上了。
When people passed by, he could hear them whispering to one another. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 人们从他身旁走过时,他能听到他们彼此小声嘀咕。(《达·芬奇密码》)
The parents watched the children demonstrate their invention. 父母看着孩子们演示他们的发明。
The crowd watched the lions being fed. 人们观看喂狮子。
We felt the table move. 我们感到桌子移动了。
Can you feel the train slowing down? 你觉出火车在慢下来吗?
I'd prefer them not to play too loudly at the beginning. Otherwise we won't be able to hear ourselves talk. 我喜欢他们开始时演奏的声音不太大,要不然我们就听不见我们之间的谈话了。
Langdon could hear the tape rewinding now. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 兰登此时能听到录音带倒带的声音。(《达·芬奇密码》)
I had heard Dr. King speak. (Hillary, Living History) 我听过金博士的演讲。(希拉里,《亲历历史》)
More than half a million people gathered in the searing heat in Independence Square to hear Bill speak. (Hillary, Living History) 五十万以上的民众聚集在艳阳下的独立广场,聆听比尔演说。(希拉里,《亲历历史》)
I've heard him ____ about you often.
I often heard the old lady ____ stories to the little boy in the evening.
I have heard both teachers and students ____ well of him.