原书主词条 · 4 个连续词条

shall

原书 PDF 第 1353—1354

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shall I? / may I?

I come in? A. May B. Shall C. Must D. Have《海淀名题·初中英语语法完全解题》(东北师大出版社, p. 190) 给的答案是 A。我对答案没有意见。但是,把选项 B(Shall) 判为错误,我却无法理解。

由于上面的试题无上下文,选B当然不应当算作错误。在ShallI...这个句型中,shall表示谈话对方的意愿或允许,因此,它常常用于向对方提出建议或征求对方的同意:

  1. Shall I wait for you? 您要我等您吗?

  2. Shall I help you to pack? 您要我帮助您打包装吗?

  3. Shall I come in? 您要我进来吗?(我可以进来吗?)

  4. Shall I open the window for you? 我给您打开窗户好吗?

  5. Shall I get you a chair?” “Yes, please.” “要我给你搬把椅子来吗?”“好吧。”请做下面的英语试题:

Shall I tell John about it?No, you ____. I've told him already.

A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't(全国高考,94-23)

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Haven't I told you already that you ____ have my answer tomorrow morning? A. will B. shall C. should D. would 根据时态呼应原则,我认为应当选C

应当选 Bshall 用于第二人称或第三人称,可表示说话人的意愿或承诺。在这种情况下不能用 should(参见 indirect speech)

  1. If you work well, you shall have higher wages. 你如果工作得好,我就让你得到较高的工资。

  2. You shall do just as you wish. (CGEL) 你可以按你的愿望去做。

  3. You shall have a car for your birthday. 我将让你得到一辆小轿车,作为生日礼物。

  4. Jack shall help you. (AEG) 我要杰克去帮助你。

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Nobody ____ throw away rubbish everywhere! A can B. need C. shall D. must

这个句子既不是表示将来,主语又不是第一人称,为什么试题要求选 C?

shall 还可用来表示按条约、法令、规章等必须履行的义务,用于第三人称,其含义相当于“必须”(must)。上面试题中的 shall 便属于此种用法。类例:

  1. Each competitor shall wear a number. (PEG) 每个参赛者都必须戴号码。

  2. House owners shall keep their gardens in a neat and orderly state. (Chambers) 房主必须使他们的花园保持整洁。

  3. It has been announced that candidates ____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall(上海高考,02-27)

  4. ——What does the sign over there read?

—“No person ____ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.

A. will B. may C. shall D. must(全国高考四川卷,07-24)

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We shall uphold the wishes of the people.

上句中的 shall 具有何种含义?我查了《朗文当代高级辞典》,没有查到它的含义。

shall 用于第一人称除表示纯将来时外,还可表示意愿(volition)或决心(determination)。这种用法的 shall 可以用 will 来代替:

  1. I shall be there. (Evans) 我一定去那里。

  2. I shall write to you again at the end of the month. (ALD) 我月底一定再给你写封信。

  3. We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing-grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender. (W. Churchill.) 无论付出什么代价,我们一定要保卫我们的岛国。我们要战斗在海滩,我们要战斗在敌人的登陆点,我们要战斗在田野、街道,我们要战斗在山里;我们决不投降。

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