原书主词条 · 2 个连续词条

may... but

原书 PDF 第 892—893

may... but1

下面各句的译文均把 may 译为“也许”或“可能”,是否正确?

(1) I may be only a servant, but I have my pride. (EVI)

[原译]我也许只是个仆人,但我有自己的自尊心啊。(《英语动词惯用语词典》,p.326)

(2) He may be clever, but he doesn't know everything. (EVI)

[原译1]他也许聪明,但总不会什么都懂的。(《英语动词惯用语词典》,广西教育出版社,p.326)

[原译2]他可能聪明,但并非什么都懂。(《英语动词成语词典》,宇航出版社,p.322)

F. Wood 指出, 在 may... but 句型里, may 常常具有让步的含义。R. Quirk 等人则进一步指出“含 may 的分句, 在 but 之前具有让步的意义……情态动词 may 在这儿多少失去了‘可能’的意思”, “也就是说句中的陈述被认为是真实的”。我们中国人常常难于认识到这一点, 因为汉语里没有用情态动词表达让步意义的语言手段。认识到这一点, 我们完全有理由用表示让步关系的连词来完成这个任务。句(1)、(2)似可译为:

虽然我是个仆人,但是我是有自尊心的。

尽管他很聪明,但他决不会什么都懂。

类例˙\dot{\mathrm{类例}}

  1. Your typewriter may/might be a wonderful machine, but it's still old-fashioned compared with a word-processor. (LEG) 你的打字机尽管不错,但同文字处理机比起来仍然是一架老式机器。

  2. Ben may only be ten, but he plays the guitar beautifully. (CGEL) 本虽然才10岁,但吉他却弹得非常好。

  3. This sentence may be correct grammatically, but a native speaker never says it that way. 这个句子尽管在语法上是正确的,但本族人是决不会这么说的。

  4. We may have our differences from time to time, but basically we trust one another's judgment. (= I admit that we have our differences... but...) (CGEL) 虽然我们之间不时地出现一些分歧,但我们基本上是互相相信对方的判断的。

请研读下列各例的原文及其中译文,如发现译文有错误,请改正过来。

  1. You might think you're very clever, but that doesn't give you the right to order me about! (ECD) 你也许以为自己很聪明,但这并不能给你随意使唤我的权利。

  2. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. (《大学英语》, Book 1, Unit One) [原译]这张周作息表也许解决不了你所有的问题,但是它会使你比较清楚地了解你是怎样使用你的时间的。

  3. We may not be able to recall this information, but it is all stored in our brains. (《大学英语》, Book. 1, Unit Nine) [原译] 我们也许不能回忆起这些信息, 但它们却都贮存在我们的脑子里。

  4. Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. (《大学英语》, Book 2, Unit Three) [原译]美国第三任总统托马斯·杰斐逊也许不如乔治·华盛顿和亚伯拉罕·林肯那样著名,但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事:他写的《独立宣言》。

  5. Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand. (《大学英语》, Book 4, Unit Five) [原译]同事们也许不赞成,但避免公开表示反对。护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝,但要抵制却感到无能为力。

  6. It may be a good report, but it seems to lack facts. 这或许是个好报告,但事实似乎还不充分。(张道真:《英语常用动词用法词典》,p.522)

  7. I had taken those lyrics to heart. It may have been a cliché, but the phrase that best summed up my political philosophy was: "It's always about the future,"... (Hillary, Living History)

[原译]这首歌的歌词我已记在心里,它的内容或许老套,但其中一句歌词“都是为了未来”却总结了我的政治理念……(希拉里,《亲历历史》,译林出版社,p.465)下面的英语试题:

He ____ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.

A. may have acted B. must have acted may . . . but 2^{2} 854 C. should act D. would act(全国英语专业四级,99-48)

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may... but2

大作《英语常见问题解答大词典》(2002年第四次印刷本,p.701)关于may...but所阐述的意义和译法,我是赞同的。但是,读了最近出版的《英语用法指南》(外研社、牛津大学出版社,2000,p.446)上的多处译文,我又对您的说法产生了怀疑。请看下面的原文及其汉译文:

It may be a comfortable car, but it uses a lot of petrol. (= Although it is a comfortable car, it uses ...) 这辆汽车可能很舒适,但耗油太多。

He may be clever, but he hasn't got much common sense. 他也许聪明,但不太通情达理。You might have plenty of money, but that doesn't mean you're better than me. 你也许有很多钱,但这并不等于你就比我好。

She may have had a lovely voice when she was younger, but ... 她年轻时也许嗓音挺动人,但是……

上面的译文是错误的。原书作者 M. Swan 在这些例句之后所作的论述可以明确无误地证明这一点。他说:

“请注意:在这个结构中,may 常用来谈论肯定是事实的事,而不只是可能的事。

It may be a comfortable car . . . but 意思是‘我承认这辆车很舒适,但是……’,而不是‘这辆车很可能舒适……’。”

译者们正确地译出了上面的“请注意……”,却把所有的例句都译错了。这似乎是令人难以理解的。但是,仔细想来,这个令人难以理解的事恰恰说明了某些带民族特征的误译是很难逃避的,即使在原书作者明确地指出了它们的真实含义之后。

[附注]may/might... but 结构中的 may/might 被误译为“可能”“也许”之所以具有汉语民族的特征,是因为汉语从不通过情态动词来表示让步的缘故。下列权威的英汉词典也没有摆脱这个带有民族特征的误译:

  1. There may be some evidence to suggest she's guilty, but it's hardly conclusive. 也许有些证据表明她有罪,但它们并没有说服力。(《英汉双解剑桥国际英语词典》,上外教社,p.1555)(似应改为:虽然有些证据表明她有罪,但是,这些证据并不是很确凿的。)

  2. You may feel all the training is a waste of time, but later you'll be grateful you did it. 你可能会觉得所有的训练是在浪费时间,但将来你会为自己的参加而感到庆幸。(同上)

(似应译为:虽然你会觉得所有的训练都是……)

[该词典对这一结构作了明确的释义: may/might used to introduce a statement which is very different from the statement you really want to make, in order to compare the two thoughts or ideas. (引出与你自身想法不同的事实、观点, 以进行比较)]

  1. They may be seven thousand miles away but they know what's going on over here ... 也许他们远在7000英里之外,但他们知道这里所发生的一切……(《Cobuild 英汉双解词典》,上海译文出版社,p.1201)(似应译为:虽然他们……)

[该词典对这一结构作了精确的释义:

to indicate that, although something is true, it is contradicted by another fact or argument which you are going to give. (用于表示某事尽管属实,但与即将提出的另一事实或论点相抵触)]

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