原书 PDF 第 1705—1706 页
This excellent book, that Freda has only just received for review, was published a year ago. 上面的句子是否有错误？
在中学和大学阶段,上面的句子可以看作是错误的。虽然关系代词 that 和 which 都可以指物,但是,在非限制性定语从句中一般只能使用 which,而不使用 that:
The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season. (Eckersley) 上一赛季表现非常突出的伦敦队，这一赛季表现得很差。
She wants low-calorie food, this vegetable curry certainly is. (CGEL)
她想吃低热量的食物，而咖喱这种蔬菜肯定是低热量食物。
[参见 that( pron.) ]
《实用英语语法》(张道真编著,外研社,1995年,p.96)说:
“which 代表事物,在从句中可以做主语或宾语……
that 代表事物的时候更多一些,也可代表人,在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。”
由此看来，which 与 that 的区别有二：1. that 可代表人，而 which 则不能；2. that 可作表语，而 which 则不能。我的问题是：which 永远不能代表人，永远不能作表语吗？请看下面的例句：
They accused him of being a traitor, which he was. (CGEL)
从英语教学法角度来看，《实用英语语法》的讲法是正确的。但是，有较高英语水平的读者则不应就此止步，而应当进一步认识到：在某些情况下，which也可以指人，更可以作表语。参见which 。
A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language 一书在 § 17.25 中说:
“当关系代词在关系分句里充当非介词的补足语时,无论在限制性分句里,还是在非限制性分句里,人称先行词和非人称先行词之后都只能用 which:
He is a teetotaller, which I am not.
This is a powerful car, which my last car was not."(《英语语法大全》, p. 1744, 原文见 p. 1260)
根据我阅读英文原文的经验,似乎 that 在关系从句中也可以作主语补语,是这样吗?
CGEL 的结论是片面的,并且与该书前面的论述互相矛盾。
She's not the brilliant dancer she used to be. (CGEL, §6.34, 注[b])
这就是说，在限制性定语从句里，that 可以作主语补语，请看下面的例证：
He is not the man that he was! (McArthur) 他不是从前的那个人了!
Then they found something which they called radium.
有不少测试题把 anything which, something which 判为错误, 据此, 我认为上句中的 something which 应改为 something that。
精确的说法应当是:以 anything, something, all 为中心词时,其关系代词通常用 that(见 that/which )。但是绝不可以把 which 判为错误。请看下面的例证：
Yes, there is something about her which many men find appealing. (CIDE) 是的,她的某些方面对男人来说很有吸引力。
Philosophy is something which cannot be defined. 哲学是一种不能下定义的事情。