原书主词条 · 6 个连续词条

look at

原书 PDF 第 853—854

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He looked at the picture. 这类句子,如何进行句法分析?

语法学家们对这类句子有两种分析方法:1. 把 look at 看作是介词动词 (prepositional verb), 而把 the picture 看作是介词 at 的宾语 (叫做介词宾语——prepositional object), 而不是 look at 的宾语, 即:

He looked at the picture. S V A

  1. look at 看作是及物动词, 因而把 the picture 分析为 look at 的直接宾语。

He looked at the picture.

提出这种分析方法的语法学家们有一个很有说服力的论点:这类句子的宾语常常可以转换为被动句的主语:

The picture was looked at by him. 这幅画被他看过了。

练习
  1. The background music in an assembly line is designed ____.

    1. A

      not being listened to

    2. B

      being not listened to

    3. C

      not to be listened to

    4. D

      to be not listened to(全国六级,95.1-47)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-5.md · 40704094PDF:第 853 页 · look at 1-3

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____ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.

A. To look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at(全国四级,00.1-68)《大学英语四级历年考试试题详解》(外文出版社,p.275)说:“因此 look 动词应用被动语态。”

请问 look 是个不及物动词,它有被动语态吗?

该书作者的论述有毛病:动词 look 本身并不能构成被动语态,只有 look at 作为一个整体才能构成被动语态。虽然只是一字之差,但却存在着本质的区别,见 look at 1^{1} 。另外,上题的答案 Looked at 并不是被动语态,而是被动分词(过去分词)。这是两个不同的概念,不容混淆(被动语态用于句子谓语的层面)。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-5.md · 40954104PDF:第 853 页 · look at 1-3

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look at/look into/look in

(1)At the boy's last remark, the bookseller looked at him curiously.

(2) I looked into the boy's serious but eager face and asked him, "Do you want any more books?"

(3) Several girls stopped and looked in one of the glass-topped tables.

上面的 look at, look intolook in 有无区别?

这三个介词动词由于介词的不同,其含义是不同的。

look at 意为“朝……看”,其宾语可以是表人的词,也可以是表物的词:

  1. She looked at him in great surprise ... 她十分惊奇地望着他……

  2. The teacher told us to look at the blackboard and not at our books. 老师叫我们看着黑板,不要看书。

look in 意为“朝……的里面看”,即把宾语看作是一个空间:

  1. Look in the cupboard and see if we have any more coffee. 看食橱里是不是还有咖啡。

  2. look in (into) the mirror 照镜子

look into 除了表示“朝……的里面看”“调查”之外,还常常与 one's faceone's eyes 搭配,表示“注视”“窥视”:

  1. Look into the box. What do you see? 朝箱子里面看。你能看见什么?

  2. The police are looking into the records of all those involved in the crime. 警察当局正在查阅卷入这个犯罪案件的所有人的档案。

  3. I'll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little patience. (全国高考,96-10) 我将尽快调查这件事。耐心点。

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look at/see/watch

我一直搞不清 look at, seewatch 三者之间的区别。

look at 一般是指带有目的看,但不一定能看得见或看得清楚。其宾语可以是指人的词语,也可以是指物的词语:

  1. look at him/the picture/the food

  2. I am looking at the blackboard, but I can't see the words on it. 我在看着黑板,但看不见上面的字。

see 是指眼睛的非主动的行为,强调看见的结果。

  1. I see very well without glasses. 我不戴眼镜能看得很清楚。

  2. It's dark. I can't see. 太暗了,我看不见。

注意:see 常与 a (the) film/play 搭配,表示“看电影”“看剧”:

They are not sure if they're going to see the film. 他们不能肯定是不是要去看电影。

watch 是指全神贯注地去看、去观察,而且表示这个动作要持续一段时间,如 watch TV, watch a game(match), watch sb. do/doing:

  1. Watch how I do this. 看我怎么做。

  2. The mother watched her children play. 母亲看着她的孩子们玩耍。

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look at sb. doing/do

He looked at the children to play under the tree and felt pleased. (上海高考,90) 我知道英语里有 see (watch, hear, feel) sb. do/doing 结构。不知道 look at sb. 后接什么形式。

如果我们把 look at 看作一个及物动词(见 look at 1^{1} ),那么,我们就很容易理解 look at sb. do/doing 的结构。根据句意,上题应当使用 look at sb. do 的结构,故上题的选项 B to play 应改为 play

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look at TV/watch TV

He smoked while he read, while he looked at the television, and while he drank a cup of coffee. (全国高考,89-阅B)

我们英语老师说“看电视”,在英语里要说 watch TV(television),不可说 look at TV(television)。照此看来,上句中的 looked at the television 应改为 watched television。是不是这样呢?

watch TV (television)look at TV (television) 的说法都是正确的(参见 television 2^{2} )。请看下面的证明例句:

  1. The children spend too much time looking at television. 孩子们看电视花去的时间太多了。

  2. It was a worth-while visit to the cinema; much better than stopping at home looking at the television. 去电影院看电影是很值得的,比呆在家里看电视强多了。

  3. When George arrived home, his sister was looking at TV. (GPU) 当乔治到家时,他的妹妹正在看电视。

练习
  1. "Do you watch television?" "Yes, but I can't spend much time ____ it."

    1. A

      to see

    2. B

      looking at

    3. C

      with looking at

    4. D

      for seeing

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