原书主词条 · 3 个连续词条

in that

原书 PDF 第 714—715 页

in that¹

问

Radio astronomy has greatly increased our understanding of the universe. Radio telescopes have one big advantage over conventional telescopes in that they can operate in all weather conditions and can pick up signals coming from very distant stars. (New Concept English, Book 3, L. 55)

in that 是什么词？什么意思？

答

in that 是复合连词 (complex subordinator), 意思是“因为”, 引导原因状语从句。让我们引用一些含有复合连词 in that 的实例:

Our protest was successful, in that the Minister agreed to reconsider the matter. (Close) 我们的抗议是很成功的，因为部长同意重新考虑这个问题。
In that silver is expensive, it cannot be widely used as a conductor. 由于银很昂贵，所以它不可能广泛地用作导体。
Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice. 理论之所以有价值, 是因为它能为实践指出方向。
We are lucky in that only the lower fields, which make up a very small proportion of our farm, are affected by flooding, but other farms are less favourably sited, and flooding can sometimes spell disaster for their owners. (New Concept English, Book 3, L.56) 所幸的是仅低洼农田受灾，这些农田在我们农场耕地中只占很小的比例，而其它农场因所处位置比较不利，洪水常给场主们带来灾难。
I prefer his plan to yours, in that I think it is more practical. 我喜欢他的计划，而不喜欢你的计划，因为我认为他的计划更切实可行。
The viscosity of the liquid is another factor which must be taken into account, in that it largely determines the frictional losses which will occur. 液体的粘度是必须加以考虑的另一个因素，因为所要出现的摩擦损耗主要是由粘度来决定的。
There is not a war in the world, no, nor an injustice, but you women are answerable for it, not in that you have provoked, but in that you have not hindered. 世界上任何一次战争，不，任何一次不讲道义的行为，都应由你们女人来负责，并不是因为那是你们鼓励起来的，而是因为你们没有去加以阻止。（钱歌川译）

练习

Anthropology is a science ____ anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
1. A
  in that
2. B
  that in
3. C
  that
4. D
  in (TOEFL)
The commutation of a criminal's sentence differs from a pardon ____ reduces the terms of punishment rather than excuses the criminal completely.
1. A
  in that
2. B
  that it in
3. C
  in that it
4. D
  that in (TOEFL)
Liquids are like solids ____ they have a definite volume.
1. A
  with that
2. B
  for that
3. C
  in that
4. D
  at that(全国四级,95.6-58)
Britain's press is unusual ____ it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.
1. A
  in how
2. B
  in what
3. C
  in which
4. D
  in that(全国六级,95.6-50)
Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ____ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.
1. A
  so that
2. B
  but that
3. C
  in that
4. D
  provided that(全国研考,95-6)

in that²

问

Soprano Julia Migenes-Johnson believes in that her Latin American background helped her A B C interpret the role of the Spanish character Carmen in a 1984 opera film. (TOEFL)

一本托福教程在解释这道试题 A 为错误(应去掉 in)时说: that 从句之前不能加介词。但是我却遇到下面两个句子, 都是在 that 从句之前加介词:

(1) I like the city, but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country. (DAI)

(2) I'm in a slightly awkward position, in that he's not arriving until the 10th. (LDCE)

答

说在 that 从句之前不能加介词, 是符合英语实际使用情况的。因为按照 R. Quirk 等人的说法, 不与 that 从句连用, 乃是介词的标准之一。你所引用的两个句子之中的 in that 并不是 that 从句之前加介词 in, 而是复合从属连词 (complex subordinator), 意思是“因为”:

The evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means. (CGEL)

此证据无效,因为它是通过非法手段获取的。

要想做好你所引用的托福题,必须弄明白 believe 与 believe in 的区别,见 believe/ believe in。

in that³

问

（1）The evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means. (CGEL)

(2) Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak. (Evans)

我是这样向学生讲解的:句(1)中的 in that 是连词,而句(2)中的 in 是介词,作“在……方面”解,that 从句是介词 in 的宾语,这种解释对吗?

答

不对。句(1)和句(2)中的in that都是复合从属连词(complex subordinator)。须知，that从句之前是不能与介词连用的。in that有时可以译为“因为”，有时可以译为“在……方面”(in this respect)，句(1)可以译为：这个证据是无效的，因为它是通过非法手段获取的。句(2)可以译为：人与兽不同之处，在于人能够思维和说话。属于第一个译法的例句见in that $^{1}$ 。现在补充一些属于第二种译法的例句：

Vinyl is similar to cellophane in that it is transparent. 乙烯与玻璃纸在透明这一点上是相同的。
A turtle differs from all other reptiles in that it has its body encased in a protective shell of its own. (TOEFL) 乌龟不同于其它爬行动物之处在于它能把躯体藏在自身的保护壳内。
Some antibiotics used in the treatment of human disease are alike only in that they are obtained from fungi and bacteria. (TOEFL) 用于治疗人的疾病的某些抗菌素仅仅在它们都取自霉菌和细菌这一点上是相似的。

练习

Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ____ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
1. A
  in that
2. B
  which
3. C
  whereas
4. D
  because of (TOEFL)
Mercury differs from other industrial metals ____ it is a liquid.
1. A
  whereas
2. B
  in that
3. C
  because of
4. D
  consequently(TOEFL,91.5)
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary ____ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.
1. A
  by that
2. B
  at that
3. C
  on that
4. D
  in that(全国四级,98.6-51)
These two areas are similar ____ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
1. A
  to that
2. B
  besides that
3. C
  in that
4. D
  except that(全国四级,99.1-58)
Britain's press is unusual ____ it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.
1. A
  in how
2. B
  in what
3. C
  in which
4. D
  in that(全国六级,95.6-50)
This is an ideal site for a university ____ it is far from the downtown area.
1. A
  provided that
2. B
  now that
3. C
  so that
4. D
  in that(全国六级,96.6-65)
Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ____ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.
1. A
  so that
2. B
  but that
3. C
  in that
4. D
  provided that(全国研考,95-6)
Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak.
1. A
  for which
2. B
  for what
3. C
  in that
4. D
  in which (全国英语专业四级,08-54)