enough

enough用作名词的修饰语(定语)时,既可与复数名词连用,也可与单数不可数名词连用,并且大都搁在名词之前,但是不能搁在单数可数名词之前(×enough pen):

1. I haven't got enough equipment/tools to do the job. (CGEL) 干这个活我没有足够的设备/工具。

2. There is just enough time to catch the train. (IME) 赶这班火车, 时间正好够。

3. We have enough seats for everyone. (LDCE) 我们有足够的座位供大家坐。

有时也可放在名词的后面，尤其是在不可数名词之后。

1. “I'm going to the movies.” “Do you have money enough?” (IME) “我要去看电影。” “你的钱够吗？”

2. There was cake enough for everybody to have a piece. (IME) 糕点足够每人一块。

但是，当enough用于修饰动词、形容词和副词时，则必须位于它们的后面。

1. Students brave enough to attempt the course deserve to succeed. (CGEL) 凡有足够勇气选这门课程的学生一定能获得成功。

2. She is brave enough a student to attempt the course. (CGEL) 她是一个有足够勇气选这门课程的学生。

3. She is not brave enough a student to attempt the course. (CGEL) 她是一个没有足够勇气选这门课的学生。

4. The water in the pool is warm enough. 这个池塘的水够暖和的。

5. He isn't a clever enough politician to have any original ideas. 他不是个足够聪明的政治家, 提不出什么创造性的主张。

6. My mother had told me that in my father's eyes, no man would be good enough for me. (Hillary, Living History) 母亲说过，在父亲眼中，谁都配不上他的女儿。（希拉里，《亲历历史》）

我们在 $enough^{1}$ 条中已经说明，enough用作定语时，既可放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后，即使后面有动词不定式作定语时，也是如此，只是放在名词之前的情况更为常见一些（但是不能放在单数可数名词之前）。下面的例句完全可以证明enough time to do和time enough to do的说法都是符合英语惯用法的。

1. We have enough money to buy a car. (LDCE) 我们的钱足够买一辆汽车。

2. “I'm going to the movies.” “Do you have money enough?” (IME) “我要去看电影。”“你的钱够吗？”

3. They were not allowed time enough for sports and recreation. (Mis) 没有足够的时间让他们运动和娱乐。

4. There was $\left\{\begin{array}{l} enough food \\ food enough \end{array}\right\}$ to last a whole year. (CGEL) 有充分的食物, 足够吃一整年的。

可能是常见的英语试题使你产生了定势思维: enough 绝不可放在形容词或副词之前。但是你忘记了这只是副词 enough 的用法; enough 还可用作形容词, 作定语。在上面的句子里, 形容词 enough 是修饰名词短语 big nails 的, 意思是“足够的大钉子”。而 big enough nails 则是指“足够大的钉子”(即副词 enough 是修饰形容词 big 的)。

请对比下面句子并译成汉语：

a) I haven't got good enough books for them.

b) I haven't got enough good books for them.

上句中的 enough 是副词。enough 有好几种用法：

A. 用作形容词(或限定语),修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数: enough money/food/milk/time 足够的钱/食品/牛奶/时间 enough people/seats/books 足够的人/座位/书

用作定语的 enough 大都搁在名词的前面,偶尔也搁在名词的后面,但语体比较正式(见 $enough^{1,2}$ ):

We had food enough for ten people. 我们的食物够十个人吃的。

B. 用作不定代词, 见 $enough^{7}$ 。

C. 用作副词,修饰形容词或副词,但一定要放在它们的后面。上面试题的选项 A(a long enough holiday)便属于此种用法。你所提到的文章把它分析为形容词是错误的。

a long enough holiday 还可以采用如下语序: long enough a holiday, a holiday long enough。

1. She is brave enough a student to attempt the course. (CGEL) 她是一个有足够勇气选这门课的学生。

2. Dig a hole large enough for the tree. 种树的坑要挖得足够大。

出题者之所以把选项 A 判为错误,可能是认为选项 A 中的 enough 与充当其补足语的动词不定式 to take... 被分割开了。但是,实际上,选项 A 的结构是完全符合英语惯用法的。例如: I haven't got big enough nails to mend the cupboard. (《英美语惯用法词典》) 我没有足够大的钉子来修理柜橱。

下面再提供几个与 brave enough students 结构相类似的实例：

1. Five pounds is a good enough price for it. (Wells) 五英镑是个够好的价格。

2. He wasn't an important enough figure. (CEED) 他算不上重要人物。

3. Would this be a big enough hall for your classes? (CEED) 这个大厅够你们上课用吗?

[附注]上面提到的高考英语试题所否定的选项A,其结构恰好是1998年高考英语试题第11题标准答案的结构,见上条。

有些英语辞书把上面用法的 enough 看作是名词。但是,如果把此种用法的 enough 说成是名词,那学生就可能提出这样的问题:enough 应看作是可数名数,还是不可数名词?它的复数形式是什么?它的所有格形式是什么?这是很难回答的。

因此,有很多英语辞书把此种用法的 enough 看作是不定代词。不定代词 enough 可用带 to 的动词不定式来修饰,也可用介词短语来修饰:

1. She hasn't got enough to do. 她没有足够的活干。

2. There is enough of the water to last several weeks. 有足够的水,可使用好几周。

3. She knows enough about the topics to explain it to you. 关于这些题目她有足够的知识来向你解释清楚。

4. I hope enough of you are prepared to help with the show. 我希望你们中能有足够的人手准备协助这场演出。

5. They were able to save enough of their furniture to fill a room. 他们能省出的家具足够装满一间屋子。

当名词为不可数名词时，充当定语的 enough 既可放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后：

1. We have enough money (money enough) for John to buy a car. (LDCE) 我们的钱足够约翰买辆汽车。

2. There's enough food (food enough) for everybody. (ALD) 有足够的食物供大家吃。

当可数名词为复数时，enough 也是可以采取两个位置的(名词前或名词后)：

1. We have enough seats for everyone. (LDCE) 我们的座位够所有人坐的。

2. Have you had peanuts enough? 你有足够的花生吗?

但是,在你所提问的句子中,fool 只是貌似名词,实际上已具有形容词的特点,故 enough 只能放在它的后面:

1. I was fool enough to believe her. 我真是太傻了，竟然相信了她。

2. He wasn't man enough to admit his mistake. 他没有承认错误的大丈夫气概。

3. He was fool enough to go out without a coat. (CGEL) 他真傻,竟然不穿大衣就外出了。

因此，说 enough fool，如同说 enough pen 一样，是错误的。