原书主词条 · 5 个连续词条

go

原书 PDF 第 597—598 页

go¹

问

在 go mad, come right 这样的结构中, go 和 come 都是表示变化过程结果的连系动词, 而且语义都是“变为、变成”, 是不是因此就可以说 come mad 呢?

答

虽然 go 和 come 在这里都是“变成”的意思,但是 go 大都用于表示不好的事情(即用于贬义):go mad, go bad, go astray, go wrong, go rotten, go sour, 而 come 大都用于表示好的事情(即用于褒义):come true, come right。

But something had gone wrong. 但是有什么事出了毛病。
All our plans went wrong. 我们所有的计划都失败了。
He went insane. 他精神失常了。
Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 热天里鱼很快就会变味。
Your dream will one day come true. 你的梦想总有一天会实现的。
Everything will come right in the end. 最后一切事情都会很好的。

以上是现代语言学家们的普遍说法，但是有时候也会发现一些例外的情况。

It was a tight schedule but everything went right for us. 时间表订得很紧,但一切都进行得很顺利。
Says Nixon, “When the polls go good for me...” 尼克松说: “如果投票结果对我有利

的话……”

go²

问

您在 join 条中说,瞬间动词不能与表示时间段的时间状语连用,但下列用法该如何解释呢?难道 go 不是瞬间动词吗? They have not gone home for three years.

答

要特别注意，在上面的否定句里，瞬间动词的否定式表示的是一种状态：“没回家”。这个状态持续多久都是合乎逻辑的。

go³

问

These surveys indicate that many crimes go ____ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded(全国四级,00.6-26) 答案为 A。《大学英语四级历年考试试题详解》(外文出版社,2001,p.301)解答说：“本题测试点：非谓语动词作状语。” 请问过去分词 unrecorded 是作 go 的状语吗？

答

该书作者忽略了 go 的连系动词用法。应当注意的是，go 用作连系动词时，有时表示动态（如 go mad/angry/blind/bad/rotten），有时表示静态：“处于……状态”（如 go hungry/naked/unarmed）。上句中的 unrecorded 是表语（见 go hungry）。类例：

Why do so many rapes go unreported? 为什么这么多的强奸案没有被告发？
What would she think if people went naked? 如果人们都赤身裸体,她会怎么想呢?

go⁴

go start

问

“Smith!”the manager cried out in a voice like thunder. “None of your excuses! Go start work at once!”（全国高考，93-62）

我认为上句中的 go start 是错误的,应当改为 go and start 或 go to start。

答

英语里有 go(come, try) and + 动词原形或 go(come, try) to + 动词原形的结构（见 try）。但是，在美国英语里，人们常常省略其中的 and 或 to。因此，go and start 便成了 go start 了。下面是类似的实例：

I'll go fetch a hammer. (OGEG) 我去拿一把锤子。
Go jump in the river. (DEI) 跳到河里去。
Go fetch some water. (LEG) 去拿点水来。
“Here is some money, Harold,” I said. “Go buy yourself some more marbles, …” 我说：“哈罗德，这些钱你拿着吧，去再买些弹子吧……”

come 和 try 也有这种用法。

go⁵

was/were going to

问

——Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?

—I ____, but I had an unexpected visitor.

A. had B. would C. was going to D. did(全国高考,97-22)

所给答案是 C, 这是我所不能理解的, 要知道 was/were going to 是表示过去将来的动作的呀!

答

半助动词 be going to 的过去时形式 was/were going to 除了表示过去将来的动作之外，还可以表示过去没有实现的计划或愿望。我国出版的英语语法著作大都没有提到这一点。而 CGEL 则有明确的说明：

“be going to + infinitive (often with the sense of ‘unfulfilled intention’)” (§ 4.48) [“be going to + 动词原形常常含有‘未实现的意图’的意思”]:

You were going to give me your address. [“... but you didn’t”]

你本想把你的地址告诉我的。[“……但你没有告诉我……”]

Last Sunday we were going to go for a picnic but it rained. (NEG)

上星期天我们本打算去野餐，但是下雨了。

The police were going to charge her, but at last she persuaded them she was innocent. (CGEL) 警察方面本打算控告她，但最后她使他们相信她是无辜的。
“But Dr. Lively was going to talk on that very subject today. I suppose you could give a talk instead.” (SEFC, I B, p. 43) “莱芙利博士今天原打算要谈的正是这个题目。我想您可以代她作个报告。”
“Dr Lively was going to give a talk this morning. I'm afraid her plane will be very late because of bad weather at the airport. So she will be unable to give her talk today.” (SEFC, I B, p. 42) “莱芙利博士今天上午本来要来作报告的。但是，由于机场天气不好，恐怕飞机会晚点。因此，她今天不能来作报告了。”

(参见 was/were going to)

练习

—Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?

—I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
1. A
  had to
2. B
  didn't
3. C
  was going to
4. D
  wouldn't(全国高考卷Ⅱ,07-20)