原书主词条 · 2 个连续词条

there is/are

原书 PDF 第 1554

there is/are1

(1)There were a bucket of water, a pile of bricks and a chair in the corner. (《高中英语教科书》第三册, 人教社, p. 52)

这是《高中英语教科书》第三册,p.52上的改错题。与该书配套的《教师教学用书》(p.82)给的答案是:

There was a bucket of water ...

上句中的 were 果真是错误用法吗?

(2) There ____ a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. (is/are) [同上, 第二册 (上), p.40]

与该书配套的《教师教学用书》(p.40)给的答案是:is

难道不能用 are 吗?

上面的试题把复杂的语言现象简单化了。而且与其他标准化英语试题,如托福(TOEFL)等相矛盾。实际上在 there behere be 句型中,我们可以看到主语与谓语的一致遵循着两个相互矛盾的原则:接近原则和语法一致原则。

在英语教学上最好是承认以上两种用法都是正确的,即:在 there be 句型中有并列主语时,如果靠近 be 的名词为单数,则 be 既可以用单数形式 is,亦可以用复数形式 are。前一用法大多用于口语体,后一用法大多用于书面语体(见 there be 1^{1} )。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-8.md · 1000510024PDF:第 1554 页 · there is/are

there is/are

No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____ going on in the world.

A. it is B. as is C. there is D. what is(全国研考,96-10)

试题要求选 C。但是,这样一来,there is going 便没有主语了。这样的句子是否正确?

在前一条目中我们已经谈到,存在句型的定语从句可以省略主语。你提出的试题涉及到英语惯用法的另一个侧面:充当定语的存在句型,其本身可以省略主语,下面是从英文原著中摘取的一些实例:

  1. The number of mistakes [ ] there are in this homework is simply astounding. 这份作业中的错误多得惊人。

  2. It was the best reference book [ ] there was then on inorganic chemistry. 它是当时出版的关于无机化学的最好的一本参考书。

  3. This is the only article [ ] there is on the subject. 这是关于这个题目的唯一的一篇论文。

练习
  1. The trumpeter swan is probably the heaviest flying bird ____ is.

    1. A

      it

    2. B

      there

    3. C

      what

    4. D

      each(TOEFL)

  2. 'My John is going to be a soldier,' she said. 'He is going to be the best soldier there ____ was, I can tell you!'

    1. A

      yet

    2. B

      ever

    3. C

      never

    4. D

      just(全国高考,98-42)

  3. The home improvements have taken what little there is ____ my spare time.

    1. A

      from

    2. B

      in

    3. C

      of

    4. D

      at(全国高考,01-27)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-8.md · 1005010080PDF:第 1554 页 · there is/are