what...that

that引导的是一个结果状语从句，而不是定语从句，它永远位于what疑问句之后。上面句子的意思是：

我到底做了什么事,竟使得你来侮辱我?

类例：

1. What was the matter with the fellow that he looks so happy? (Galsworthy) 这小伙子发生了什么事,显得这么高兴?

2. What has happened that all of them look so excited? 到底发生了什么事使他们大家显得那样激动？

what . . . that $^{2}$

3. What have I done that you should be so angry with me? 我到底做了什么事,惹得你对我这么生气?

这是个疑问形式的强调句。更详细的情形，见 cleft sentence $^{7}$ 。