原书主词条 · 3 个连续词条

see sb. do/doing

原书 PDF 第 1332—1333

see sb. do/doing1

请问 I saw him cross the road.I saw him crossing the road. 有什么区别?

I saw him cross the road. 是指“我看到他穿过马路的整个过程”(从离开人行道到另一边的人行道),也就是说,在这种句型中,动词不定式表示整个活动或整个事件从头到尾的全过程。而 I saw him crossing the road. 则是指“我看到他正在穿过马路”。也就是说,在这种句型中,分词表示正在进行的活动或反复性活动。

请对比:

<div class="mineru-algorithm" style="white-space: pre-wrap; font-family:monospace;"> I saw them $\left\{ \begin{array}{l} shoot \text{ at him.} \\ shooting \text{ at him. (CGEL)} \end{array} \right.$ </div>

(动词原形 shoot 表示一次性动作,而分词 shooting 表示正在进行的或反复性的动作)在 see 用作被动态时,情况亦是如此:

He was seen to cross the road. (整个过程) 有人看见他穿过马路。

He was seen crossing the road. (正在进行的动作或反复性动作)

有人看见他正在穿过马路。

在这种句型中,除 see 之外,尚有 hear, notice, feel, watch。请注意使用动词不定式与使用分词在意义上的差别。

<div class="mineru-algorithm" style="white-space: pre-wrap; font-family:monospace;"> 1. I watched them $\left\{ \begin{array}{l} climb \text{ the tower.} \\ climbing \text{ the tower. (CGEL)} \end{array} \right.$ </div>

(动词原形 climb 表示“他们已到达塔顶”,而分词 climbing 表示“他们正在攀登”,即尚未到达塔顶)

我看到他们 {攀登到塔上。正在往塔上攀登。\left\{\begin{aligned} 攀登到塔上。\\ 正在往塔上攀登。\end{aligned}\right.

  1. They didn't hear the door close. 他们没有听到门关上了。

  2. We could hear the girls singing in the bathroom. 我们能听到女孩们在浴室里唱歌。

  3. Amazed, he watched the truck disappear around the corner. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci

Code) 他用惊异的目光看着卡车消失在转弯处。(《达·芬奇密码》)

  1. The crowd watched the lions being fed. 人们观看喂狮子。

  2. We felt the table move. 我们感到桌子移动了。

  3. Can you feel the train slowing down? 你觉出火车在慢下来吗?

  4. When I got home, I found my mother in front of the television set watching Walter Cronkite. (Hillary, Living History) 当我回到家时,发现妈妈坐在电视机前看新闻。(希拉里,《亲历历史》)

  5. I noticed a little boy in the front row sitting in a wheelchair. (Hillary, Living History) 我注意到前排有个小男孩坐在轮椅上。(希拉里,《亲历历史》)

练习
  1. Professor Tate ____ about him.

    1. A

      heard the students to talk

    2. B

      heard the talk by the students

    3. C

      heard the students' talking

    4. D

      heard the students talk (TOEFL)

  2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother's voice ____ him.

    1. A

      calling

    2. B

      called

    3. C

      being called

    4. D

      to call(全国高考上海卷,07-34)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-7.md · 87588817PDF:第 1332 页 · see sb. do/doing 1

see sb. do/doing2

吉林工大研考第Ⅱ.5题:They saw him leave the house.

答案要求将 leave 改为 leaving, 但是, 不改, 这句话不是也很正确吗?

A. S. HornbyA Guide to Patterns and Usage in English 一书中同时列举了这两种结构:

I saw the man {crosscrossing}\left\{ \begin{array}{l} \text{cross} \\ \text{crossing} \end{array} \right\} the road.

并指出它们之间的唯一区别就在于上句是指 a complete activity, 而后一句则指 an activity in progress。上道试题没有任何语言背景, 因此用 leave 或者 leaving, 无论从语法上看, 还是从逻辑上看都是正确的。

练习

请做下面的英语试题:

Imagine my surprise when I saw one man in the car pulled out a pocket book and begin A B C D

to read. (TOEFL)

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see sb. do/doing3

The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play(全国高考,94-25)

《高考英语215》(清华大学出版社, 第二版, 1998, p.21) 对上题作了如下的解析:

“当孩子们走失了,费尽周折最终找到他们时,我们一定会睁大眼睛看着他们干什么。因此,选 playing 更逼真、更生动,也更贴切。”

我认为上面的分析歪曲了试题的真实含义以及 playing 的用法。

解析者误解了试题原句的含义,因而作了错误的解析,虽然指出了正确答案。原句中的 last 作“上次”“最近一次”解,全句的意思是:The last time they were seen, the missing boys were playing near the river. 即丢失的男孩们在丢失之前有人曾看到他们在河旁玩耍。由此可以看出,上面解析者所说的“最终找到他们”“我们一定会睁大眼睛看着他们在干什么”都是违背原意的。

上面的试题出得很成功,它清楚地说明了 see sb. do sth.see sb. doing sth. 的区别。如果在上道试题中选 to play 的话,那就意味着有人从头至尾在看着那些孩子们玩耍。在这种情况下,男孩们还会丢失吗?由此可见,选 to play 是与句意相矛盾的,而选 playing 才是符合句意的:人们并没有观察到男孩们整个玩耍的过程,而只是看到他们正在玩耍的片段,即没有看到过程的完结[参见 last(adv.), feel 2^{2} ]。

练习
  1. Did you see a pencil-box ____ on the ground just now?

    1. A

      lie

    2. B

      lying

    3. C

      to lie

    4. D

      lay

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-7.md · 88388858PDF:第 1333 页 · see sb. do/doing 2-3