原书主词条 · 10 个连续词条

one

原书 PDF 第 1076—1079 页

one¹

问

“This bottle is full.” “This one is empty. Could I have a full one, please?”

答

数词 one 一般跟可数名词连用或者受 of 短语限制：

one boy/pen/book/woman/girl/friend

one of the pens/books/women/girls/friends

或者用在下列短语中：

one ... the other, one ... another

你所提问的句子中的 one 完全是另一种词: 起替代作用的不定代词。它代替前面出现过的名词, 以避免重复。如替代的名词为复数, 则用复数形式的替代词 ones:

I haven't a pen. Can you lend me one? 我没有带钢笔,你能借给我一支吗? (one = a pen)
‘Which shirt do you prefer?’ ‘This one.’ “您喜欢哪件衬衫?” “这一件。”
“I’d like two sweaters for my daughters.” “Certainly. The woolen ones are hanging here and the cotton ones are hanging there. Which would you like?” “我想给女儿买两件针织衫。”“好的。这儿挂着的是羊毛衫，那儿挂着的是棉针织衫。您喜欢哪一种？”
I didn't buy a calculator. They only had expensive ones. 我没有买计算器。他们只有贵的。
All the other boys have geography books and they will be ahead of me if I don't get one. 别的男孩都有地理书,如果我弄不到一本,他们就会超过我。

附注英语教师应注意,上面所说的“one 替代的是带不定冠词的名词”,并不是指在它前面出现的名词一定带有不定冠词,而是指它本身所在的位置上所替代的那个名词一定是带不定冠词的名词(无定的名词)例如:

The clean towels are in the drawer — if you need one. (one 实际上替代的是 a clean towel)

(2) 当 one 带有定冠词时 (the one)，它所替代的就是带定冠词的名词 (有定的名词) 了 (见

one¹

。

说明

。 [附注]the one 可以替代带定冠词的名词, 见 one $^{8}$ 。

问

There were soon two Radium Institutes in the world, one in Paris and one in Warsaw. 句中的 one ... one ... 应如何分析?

答

从结构上看, one in Paris ... 是独立结构: one 作逻辑主语, 而介词短语 in Paris, in Warsaw 作逻辑谓语, 见 absolute construction, many $^{5}$ , each $^{3}$ 。从句子成分上看, one ... one ... 作 two Radium Institutes 的同位语。

<div class="mineru-algorithm" style="white-space: pre-wrap; font-family:monospace;"> one $^{4}$ </div> ```txt one/it ```

问

——Why don't we take a little break?——Didn't we just have ____? A. it B. that C. one D. this(全国高考,00-23) 答案为 C。能否选 A(it) 呢？

答

不可以,请见it $^{26}$ 。

one²

问

He was a strict but good captain, one who, unusually, took good care of the sailors on his ship. (《高中英语教科书》第三册, 人教社, p.9) 我对于上句中的 one 不甚了然,便查了与该书配套的《教师教学用书》(第三册, p.185)。该书对上面的句子作了如下注释:“这是一个复合句,主句是 He was ... good captain, 不定代词 one 是 captain 的同位语,后跟一个由 who 引起的定语从句 who, unusually, took ... his ship,修饰不定代词 one。” 读了之后，只知道上句中的 one 是个不定代词，仍不知道 one 的具体含义和作用。

答

仅仅指出上句中的 one 是个不定代词是不够的。因为不定代词 one 有多种多样的用途。这里应特别强调 one 的替代作用。 one 与 that 都可用于替代前面提到的名词,以避免重复,但 one 替代的是带不定冠词的名词(即无定的名词),且只能替代可数名词。在上面的句子里,one 替代的是 a captain,见

one²

。

说明

。

请做下面的英语试题：

The weather today is warmer than ____ yesterday. A. the one B. one C. that D. which

one³

问

（1）This book is one that is needed by every student of English.

(2) This book is the one that is needed by every student of English.

请问上面两个句子哪个是正确的？

答

上面两个句子都是正确的,但是意思不同。我们在 one $^{1,6}$ 条目中已经讲过,one 代替的是一个带不定冠词的可数名词,故句(1)中的 one 代替的是 a book。而 the one 代替的则是一个带定冠词的可数名词,故句(2)中 the one 代替的是 the book。a book 表示交际双方尚未共同确认所指的某一本书,而 the book 表示交际双方共同确认所指的特定一本书(如说话方曾向对方谈论过的那本书)[见a(an) $^{20}$ ]。

句(1):这本书是每一个学习英语的人所需要的一本书。

句(2):这本书就是每个学习英语的人所需要的那本书。

请对比下列各句中 one(ones) 与 the one(ones) 的区别：

The best job is one which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject. 最好的职业, 是既能用得上你会做某件事的技能, 又使你感兴趣的职业。
It's easier to catch a sleeping lion than one that's awake. 睡觉的狮子比醒着的狮子容易抓一些。
The longest coral bed in the world is one which lies off the northeast coast of Australia. 世界上最长的珊瑚礁位于澳大利亚的东北沿海。
Don't tie it to that old branch. I think it'll break. Tie it to the one on the right. 别把它绑在那根老树枝上，我想它会断的。把它绑在右边的树枝上。
As early as his second film, Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting, the one that was to become world-famous. 早在他演第二部电影时，卓别林就已经形成了他自己的表演风格，这就是他后来闻名于世的那种表演风格。

练习

“Which jackets are yours?” “Let me see. ____ in the hall closet.”
1. A
  What are
2. B
  They are
3. C
  Jackets
4. D
  The ones
Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except ____ who had already taken them.
1. A
  the ones
2. B
  ones
3. C
  some
4. D
  the others(全国高考,92-23)

one⁷

说明

问

“[误]The climate here is said to be like one of Tokyo.

[正]The climate here is said to be like that of Tokyo.

[译文]据说这里的气候跟东京的气候相像。”

《英语正误详解词典》(复旦大学出版社, p.518)作了如下解释:

“[解释]that of Tokyo 中 that 代替 climate, 不可以用代词 one 来代替 climate, 因为 that 是指示代词, 明确地指代了前文中的 climate, 而 one 只能指代前文中可数名词表示的事物。”

该书说“而 one 只能指代前文中可数名词表示的事物”。根据这种解释，上面的句子正好应该使用 one，因为前文中的 climate 是个可数名词。

答

当前文中的名词为可数名词表示事物时,是使用 that 还是使用 one 来作替代词,取决于它们所在的位置上是该使用带定冠词的名词还是该使用带不定冠词的名词。在前一情况下,使用 that,在后一情况下,使用 one。拿上面的句子来说,that of Tokyo 所替代的实际上是 the climate of Tokyo,而不是 a climate of Tokyo。请对比:

This question is one of great importance. (one 替代 a question) 这是一个极为重要的问题。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. (that 代替 the population) 上海的人口比北京(的)多。

这里应当附带指出，替代词 one 并不总是“表示事物”，也可以表示人，见

one⁸

说明

The Endeavour was not a warship but an old merchant ship, just like the one on which Cook had learnt his seamanship. “奋力”号并不是一艘战舰，而是一艘旧商船，就像库克过去学航海技术时乘过的那艘船一样。(the one = the old merchant ship)

要注意,当 one 带有修饰语时,应带冠词:

We would be happy to sell it to you for 3,500 yuan, that is $50\%$ of the cost of a new one. 我们愿意以3,500元的价格出售给您，这个价格仅是一台新机的 $50\%$ 。
“Are you sure that there are no pages missing, and that it is just like the others, only second hand?” “Yes, it's as good as the new ones.” “您能肯定这一本没有缺页，和其它的书一样，只不过是二手货吗？”“是的，它和那些新书一模一样。”

请做下面的英语试题：

He has one blue pen and two red ____.

A. one B. once C. one's D. ones(全国高考)

——Where is my blue shirt? ——It's in the washing machine. You have to wear ____ different one.

A. any B. the C. a D. other(安徽高考,03春-23)

one⁹

问

Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ____ I will always treasure.

A. that B. one C. it D. what(全国高考,02-35)

答案为 B。但是, one 在这里起什么作用呢?

答

从句法上说,one 在这里是个替代词(代替 a moment),其后省略了充当动词 treasure 宾语的关系代词 that,也就是说,I will always treasure 是 one 的定语从句。从与上个分句的关系来看,one 是 an unforgettable moment 的同位语。类例：

The emotion he felt was one he had not felt for some time. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 他有一种许久不曾有过的感觉。(《达·芬奇密码》)

one¹⁰

问

The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated (激发) to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. (全国四级, 93.6-74)

《全国大学英语四级考试题精解》(对外经贸大学出版社, p.227) 说: “one 是指示代词, 即指代的是 The student。”

这种解释正确吗？

答

这种解释是我国英语教学上的一个误区。要知道，one 不可能替代带定冠词的名词，而只能替代带不定冠词的名词，换言之，one 所代替的并不是被替代名词第一次出现时的样子（the student），而是 one 所处的位置上该名词应出现的样子（a student）。所以，这里的 one 所替代的是 a student，见 one $^{1,6}$ 。

one¹¹

问

(1) By the way, here are the two duplicate keys to the gate — I'll take one, the other key you'd better keep yourself. 顺便说起，这儿是两把完全相同的大门钥匙——我拿一把，另一把你最好自己拿着。

(2) One man's meat is another's poison. 对甲有利未必就对乙也有利。(谚语)

有一本英语语法著作把上列 one 的用法归到不定代词 one 的用法中去。请问上面的 one 是不定代词吗？

答

可以把上面的说法看作是一派英语学者的观点。另一派英语学者则认为上面的 one 是数词。大家知道，不定代词 one 有两种用法：1. 用作替代词，替代前面出现的单数可数名词；2. 作“人们”“任何人”解。这两种用法的 one 都起名词作用，而不能用作定语（作“人们”解的 one，只有其属格 one's 和物主代词 his 才可用作定语）。这是与数词 one 的一个重要的区别：数词 one 可用作名词的定语，亦可单独使用。下面是 one 用作数词的实例：

Only one person came. 只有一个人来了。
to combine two substances into one (substance) 把两种物质结合成一种
He composed this symphony in one week. 在一周内他谱写了这部交响乐。

由此看来, one man's meat 中的 one 宜看成数词。至于 one ... the other, one ... another 中的 one, R. Quirk 等英语学者明确而肯定地把它判定为数词 (CGEL, § 6.54)。