问英语
原书主词条 · 2 个连续词条

have (got) to/must

原书 PDF 第 640 页

have (got) to/must1

问

have (got) to 与 must 都表示“必须”的意思, 它们之间有没有区别呢?

答

must 着重表示“说话人或听话人自身的义务”，带有较重的个人色彩（个人的责任感、自觉性）。有时则含有讲话人行使权威的意思。

  1. I must do what you tell me. 我一定照你说的办。

  2. You must come and visit me. (Collins) 你必须来看我。

  3. You must be back by ten o'clock. (“You are obliged to be back...”; “I require you to be back...”) (CGEL) 你必须10点以前回来。 have (got) to 则着重表示“由客观条件所引出的义务”，缺少个人主观色彩，因此，语气比 must 更强。

  4. I have (got) to go now. 我现在该走了。(可能另有约会等等)

  5. We have (got) to send these VAT forms back before the end of the month. (LEG) 我们必须在月底前把增值税表送回。(法律要求这样做)

  6. I've got to do something! Langdon thought. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 兰登想：“我得做点什么！”(《达·芬奇密码》)

(参见 must/have to)

Markdown：英语常见问题解答大词典-4.md · 3145—3165 行PDF：第 640 页 · have (got) to/must 1-2

have (got) to/must2

问

You {musthave(got)to}\left\{\begin{array}{l}must\\ have(got)to\end{array}\right\} be joking! must 与 have (got) to 都可以表示推论(逻辑上的必然性)。请问它们在这个意义上是否还有区别?

答

have（got）to 与 must 都可以用来表示推论(“必定”“一定”“准是”)。但是，have（got）to 强调从客观上推论，因此“逻辑上的必然性”的意义比 must 更强。请对比：

  1. He must be hungry. 他一定饿了。

  2. If Bley was aboard, he had to have heard me. 如果布雷在船上，他一定会听到我的喊声。

  3. She must be asleep (=She can't be awake). (CGEL) 她准是睡着了。

  4. There has (got) to be a first time for everything. (CGEL) 任何事情都必然有一个开头。

  5. A: I'm the worst runner in the race. There were five runners and I came fifth.

B: Don't worry. Someone had to come last.

A: 在这次赛跑中我是最糟的运动员。一共有五个运动员，而我跑了第五。

B: 不要难过。总要有人跑倒第一的。

  1. There had to be some solution to the problem. (CGEL) 这个问题总得有某种解决方法。

  2. He was standing upright, so he had to be all right. (RL, Book 3, L.2) 他挺直地站在那里，所以他一定没有发生什么事。

Markdown：英语常见问题解答大词典-4.md · 3166—3192 行PDF：第 640 页 · have (got) to/must 1-2