问英语｜英语常见问题解答

experiment¹

2. I've had some very disturbing experiences. (Wells) 我遇到过一些令人烦恼的事。

说明

I've had some very disturbing experiences. (Wells) 我遇到过一些令人烦恼的事。
To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him. (NCE 3, L. 29) 为了补偿他在住院期间不愉快的经历，他多喝了点酒。
Jumping out of ____ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____ exciting experience. A. 不填；the B. 为填；an C. an；an D. the；the（全国高考，02-26） (参见 abstract nouns)

请做下面的英语试题：

They want to expose those educational disadvantaged students to creative, enriching educational experiences for a five-year period. (全国研考,93-62)

experiment¹

do/make an experiment

问

We ____ an experiment in gas diffusion yesterday. A. made B. did C. carried D. took

《高中英语速查词典》(知识出版社, p. 125) 对上题作了如下解答: “答案选 B。句意: 我们对昨天的煤气泄漏事故做了一个试验。‘did(do) experiment’做试验。” 请问为什么不可以选 A?

答

选 A 也是正确的, 见 experiment $^{2}$ 。另外, 上面的注释有三处失误: 1. yesterday 是句子谓语 did 或 made 的状语, 而并不是 gas diffusion 的定语; 2. did(do) experiment 应改为 did(do) an experiment (experiment 为可数名词); 3. gas diffusion 不是“煤气泄漏事故”, 而是“气体扩散”。

[句意]昨天我们做了一个气体扩散实验。

experiment²

make/do an experiment

问

This is one of the experiments ____ in our laboratory. A. being made B. making C. to do D. having made

《北大清华高考状元易错题宝典》(北京理工大学出版社, p. 81) 给的答案是 A。我承认选项 A 是正确的(现在分词的被动形式 being made 表示“正在被做的”), 但是, 我认为选项 C 也是正确的。不知您是否同意我的意见?

答

我完全同意你的意见。从搭配上看，make an experiment 和 do an experiment 都是正确的。从语法上看，动词不定式的主动形式可以用作后置定语，表示将来意义和被动意义，当 to do 的逻辑主语并非是句子的主语时，亦是如此（见 infinitive $^{7-10}$ ）。此时全句的意思是：“这是一项将要在我们的实验室进行的实验。”

请看下面的例证：

Scientists are conducting/performing/carrying out/doing an experiment to test the effectiveness of the new drug. 科学家在做实验以检验这种新药的疗效。
We do experiments in chemistry class each week. 我们每周在化学课上做实验。
He is the man $\left\{\begin{array}{l} to choose. \\ to be chosen.\end{array}\right\}$ 他是待挑选的人。
Give me a list of the people $\left\{ \begin{array}{l} to invite. \\ to be invited. \end{array} \right\}$ 把需要邀请的人员名单交给我。
There is only one thing $\left\{ \begin{array}{ll}to & do.\\ to & be \text{ done.} \end{array} \right.$

只有一件事可干。