原书主词条 · 10 个连续词条

anything

原书 PDF 第 159—161

anything1

肯定句中的 anything $^{1}$

No one is so foolish as to believe that anything happens by chance.

[原译]谁也不会愚笨到相信世间有什么偶然发生的事。(钱歌川《翻译的技巧》, p.232)请问句中的 anything 是指“什么事”吗?

anythinganyone在用法上有其相似之处。在疑问句和条件从句里,anything常作“什么事”“什么东西”解。例如:

Is there anything in that box? 箱子里有什么东西吗?

但在肯定句里,则常作 all, everything (any or every thing, no matter what) 解,如:

  1. {AllEverythingAnything}\left\{\begin{array}{l}All\\Everything\\Anything\end{array}\right\} that remains can be divided between you. 所有剩下的东西,你们都可以分。

  2. I'll do anything you want. 我愿意去做你要我做的任何事情。

  3. What would you like for your birthday?’Anything will do.’ “你过生日想要什么?” “什么都可以。”

  4. You can buy anything you like. 你可以买你所喜欢的任何东西。

  5. He gave me a key to your bank. Now he is dead. Anything you can tell us would be helpful. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 他给了我你们银行的一把钥匙。现在他死了。您告诉我们的任何线索都会很有帮助。(《达·芬奇密码》)

[试译]谁也不会愚蠢到竟然会相信世间任何事情都是偶然发生的。

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anything2

肯定句中的 anything $^{2}$

(1)下面是《中国学生英语典型错误分析》一段正误分析:

“他做任何一件事都很细心。”

误: He is very careful in doing anything.

正: He is very careful in doing everything."

注中说:“anything 一般用在疑问句或否定句中。”

(2)下面是2003年全国高考一道短文改错题:

The main problem was that I always thought in English and tried to translate anything into English. (要求将 anything 改为 everything)

上面的所谓误句真的有误吗?

anything 用在肯定句中,作 alleverything 解。因此,上面的所谓误句其实是完全正确的。更详细的情形,请见 anything 1,3^{1,3}

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anything3

肯定句中的 anything $^{3}$

Although Lucie married Charles, Sydney promised her that he would always do anything he

could for her to make sure of her happiness.

《英语一千常用单词》(外研社, p.66)说: “同 something 不一样, anything 只能用于否定结构或含否定概念的结构(注: 也限用于疑问和条件结构)。”但是, 上引例句中的 anything 却用于肯定结构, 这是怎么回事呢?

anything 既可用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句,也可用于肯定句。但它在不同的句型里,具有不同的语义(见 anything 1,2^{1,2} )。

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anything4

疑问句和条件从句中的 anything

《中学英语考试题典》(辽师大出版社, p.30) 说:

anything 作‘任何事物’、‘任何东西’解。一般用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。” 请问 anything 用于疑问句和条件句中是作“任何事物”“任何事情”解吗?

我国出版的英汉词典大都没有明确注出 anything 在肯定句、否定句、疑问句和条件从句中的不同含义。例如,《英汉大词典》(上海译文出版社,p.135) 对 anything 的词义作了如下注释: anything...(一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句)任何事物、任何东西;任何事情。 因此之故,我们中国学生常常不能区分不同句型中 anything 的不同含义。实际上,在疑问句和条件从句中,anything 并不作“任何事物”“任何事情”解,而作“什么事物”“什么事情”解:

  1. Has anything interesting happened? 有没有发生什么有趣的事?
  2. If you remember anything at all, please let us know. 你要是想起什么来,就告诉我们。
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anything5

anything/something

You've to hurryA\frac{\text{hurry}}{\text{A}} up if you want to buy something because there’sB\frac{\text{there's}}{\text{B}} hardly somethingC\frac{\text{something}}{\text{C}} left.

(上海高考,全国研考,90一例题)

我看不出上句有什么错误。

some 3,4^{3,4}hardly 1^{1}

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anything6

anything that/which

Is there anything ____ to you?

A. that is belonged B. that belongs

C. that belong D. which belongs(《高中英语语法练习手册》外研社)

标准答案为 B,D 被判为错误。anything which 真的是错误用法吗?

anything, something, everything, nothing 等为中心词时, 其定语从句通常使用 that 作关系代词。但是, 使用 which 作关系代词也不是绝无仅有。因此, 把上题的选项 D 判为错误, 是把丰富多彩的语言现象简单化了。这对于提高学生的英语水平是有害的。请考察下面的实例:

  1. Have you anything(which/that) you'd like to sell? (Chambers) 你有什么东西想卖吗?

  2. Matter is the name given to everything which has weight and occupies space. 物质是赋予具有重量和占据空间的一切东西的名称。

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anything7

anything unusual

Can you see anything unusual in the picture? anythingunusual 是什么关系?

形容词作名词的定语时,通常要放在它所修饰的名词之前,但是形容词作下列代词的定语时却总是要后置。这是一种强制性要求,没有选择余地: everything, nothing, everyone, anybody (somebody), anyone (someone), anything (something), anywhere (somewhere), nobody, no one:

  1. I haven't anything new to tell you. 我没有什么新鲜事要告诉你。
  2. Anyone intelligent can do it. 任何聪明的人都可以做这件事。
  3. Had anything special happened? 发生了什么特殊的事吗?
练习

请做下面的英语试题:

  1. She always buys ____ my birthday.

A. anything nice to B. anything nice for C. something awful to D. something awful for 2. I don't think that I have important anything to say. (上海会考,96-28) A B C D 3. There isn't ____ in today's newspaper. A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything(北京会考,93-18)

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anything8

anything/everything

anythingeverything 有什么区别?

everything 可用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句和条件从句,而 anything 通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。当 anything 用于肯定句时,它与 everything 具有相同的意义和用法,例句见 anything 1,2,3^{1,2,3} 。但是,在否定句中,not...anything 表示全部否定,not...everythingeverything...not 表示部分否定。

  1. I can't see anything. 我什么也看不见。

  2. everything 2^{2}

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anything9

anything but/nothing but/all but

(1)He is anything but a fool. (2)He is nothing but a fool. (3)He is all but a fool.

上面三个句子都是什么意思?

句(1)的意思是:‘他绝不是傻瓜。’句(2)的意思是:‘他只不过是(仅仅是)个傻瓜。’

句(3)的意思是:“他几乎是个傻瓜”。下面再补充几个实例:

  1. Langdon was feeling anything but fortunate, and coincidence was a concept he did not entirely trust. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 兰登一点也不觉得幸运。他不十分相信机缘巧合这种说法。(《达·芬奇密码》)

  2. He eats nothing but salad. 他仅以色拉为食。

  3. He is nothing but a criminal. 他只不过是个罪犯。

  4. It's all but impossible. 这是几乎不可能的。

练习
  1. It is notterribleat all. It is ____ “terrible”.

    1. A

      but for

    2. B

      all but

    3. C

      nothing but

    4. D

      anything but

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anything10

anything of

We don't think there is anything of interest in your pictures.

关于 anything of interest 的结构,我们查了许多教参,均未查到对它的分析。幸而,有一天我们在《高中英语导学大全》(第二册)(上海远东出版社,p.3)查到了以下的分析:“该短语中的 of interest 相当于一个形容词,作后置定语修饰 anything,表示事物的特征。这种结构还可以作表语。如:

The vase is of great value. (= The vase is very valuable.) 这花瓶很有价值。”

后来,我们在《高二英语名师随堂》(漓江出版社、广西师范大学出版社,p.4)又查到了类似的分析:

anything of interest 相当于 anything interestingof + interest/help/importance/value 等名词相当于与其相对应的形容词,常用来描写一个人或物的特征。”

我的疑问是: anything of interest 真的完全等于 anything interesting 吗?

应当指出的是,anything of 是一个惯用短语,意思是“一点儿”。用在否定句(你提问的句子便是一个否定句——否定转移句)中,意思是“一点儿也没有”:

I haven't seen anything of her just lately. (注意: 这里的 of her 是不能改为形容词来修饰 anything 的) 近来我连她的影子也没有见到过。

因此, anything of interest 的意思与 anything interesting 是不同的。前者在否定句中表示强烈的全部否定。你所提问的问子似可译为:

我们认为你的画一点儿趣味也没有(我们认为你的画没有一点儿有趣的地方)。

not anything of 在语义上相当于 nothing of:

  1. He is nothing of a poet. 他一点儿也算不上个诗人。

  2. There was nothing of the lady in her behaviour. 她的举止一点儿也不像一个有教养的女士。

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