问英语
原书主词条 · 2 个连续词条

in turn

原书 PDF 第 719—720 页

in turn1

问

In operation, the turbine is spun by the high-pressure gases, and in turn spins the compressor rotor.

[原译]发动机工作时,高压气体带动涡轮旋转,接着带动压缩机转子旋转。(科普)

说“高压气体带动涡轮，接着带动压缩机转子旋转”似乎与事实不符。请分析。

答

这种译法在技术上是讲不通的,因为压缩机转子并不是直接由高压燃气带动旋转,而是由涡轮带动旋转的。造成误译的原因,除误解了原文的语法关系之外,还可能是误解了 in turn 在这里的真正含义。in turn 除可译作“轮流”“依次”之外,还可译作“(转过来)又”“反过来”“转而”“则”。下面举几个实例:

  1. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries. 图书使教育成为可能，而教育反过来又增加了图书的数量和内容。

  2. From the Chinese the Arabs learned to make compasses and to use them in navigation. The Arabs in turn introduced the compass to Europe. 阿拉伯人从中国人那里学会了制造指南针和在航海中使用指南针。后来阿拉伯人又把指南针传入欧洲。

  3. The heat of the burning coal converts the water in the boiler to steam which, in turn, drives a turbine. 煤燃烧所产生的热量使锅炉中的水变成蒸汽，蒸汽则驱动汽轮机。

  4. The steam can then be used to drive a steam turbine, which in turn can run a machine or drive an electric generator. 然后，蒸汽可以用来驱动汽轮机，汽轮机则能带动机器或驱动发电机。

Markdown：英语常见问题解答大词典-4.md · 8194—8213 行PDF：第 719 页 · in turn 1

in turn2

问

People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ____ creates further problems.

A. in turn B. in all C. in case D. on time(日本高考英语试题)

《TOEFL、GRE 解题词典》(p.1026) 对上题所作的解释: [Note] A. 依次; B. 总之; C. 以免; D. 准时

请问 in turn 在这里是“依次”的意思吗？

答

介词短语 in turn 主要有两个意思。

A. 依次, 轮流地

  1. They answered the teacher's questions in turn. (Chambers) 他们依次(一个挨一个地)回答老师的问题。

  2. Each man in turn got up and spoke. (DAI) 每一个人依次站起来说话。

  3. We went in turn to be examined by the doctor. (ELD) 我们轮流去接受医生的检查。

B. 当谈到 A 对 B 做某事又对 C 做某事或者 A 对 B 做某事, 而 B 又对 A 或 C 做某事时, 常常用 in turn 来表示这种关系。通常可译为“反过来”“转而”“又”“则”等等。我国出版的英汉词典大都没有收入这一用法, 所以我国的英语学习者对它比较陌生。请分析下面的实例:

  1. Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论的基础是实践, 又转过来为实践服务。

  2. He found that Rosemary had told Rick's sister, and she in turn had told Rick. (Sinclair) 他发现罗斯玛丽告诉了里克的妹妹，而她又告诉了里克。

  3. Each of the three boys teases his younger brother—John, the biggest, teases Bob, the middle boy; and Bob in turn teases Tim, the youngest. (DAI) 三个孩子都戏弄年幼的弟弟——大哥哥约翰戏弄老二鲍勃，鲍勃又戏弄小弟弟蒂姆。

  4. Tiny fish in lakes, streams, and oceans eat algae. In turn, these tiny fish are eaten by larger fish. 湖泊、河流、海洋中的小鱼吃海藻。而小鱼又被较大的鱼吞食。

上面的日本高考英语试题可以译为:人们试图乘自己的小汽车来避免公共交通的耽搁,但这样一来,又产生了其他的问题。

请把下面的句子译成汉语：

  1. A pair of cards, like those I have described, is produced; and everyone in turn is asked which of the three lines on the second card is equal to the line on the first.

  2. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

  3. For instance, workers will need to be more highly trained and more flexible—they will probably have to be capable of changing (shifting) from one skilled job to another—and they will also have more free time, as they will work fewer hours per day. This in turn will necessitate a considerable expansion and re-orientation of education.

练习

  1. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which ____ increase the risk of heart disease.

    1. A

      in turn

    2. B

      in return

    3. C

      by chance

    4. D

      by turns(全国研考,92-25)

Markdown：英语常见问题解答大词典-4.md · 8214—8258 行PDF：第 720 页 · in turn 2