especially

当 especially 修饰形容词、副词、介词短语和从句时,要放在它们的前面。例如:

1. We are especially busy today. 今天我们特别忙。

2. I like the country, especially in spring. 我喜欢乡村，尤其是在春天。

3. Noise is unpleasant, especially when you're trying to sleep. 噪音是很令人讨厌的，尤其是想睡觉的时候。

和同位语连用时,也要放在它的前面:

I liked it very much—especially the last part. 我很喜欢这本书，尤其是最后的部分。

但是,当 especially 强调主语时,则要放在主语之后。因此,在句(A)和句(B)中 especially 也有可能是强调 Kate 和 Lenin 的。在作这种理解时,句(A)的意思是:特别是凯特似乎很高兴。句(B)的意思是:尤其是列宁对他很感兴趣。类例:

1. The girls especially objected to his manners. (CGEL) 尤其是姑娘们很反对他的举止。

2. Looking after children can be very tiring. Young children especially need a lot of attention. 照顾儿童可能是很累人的。尤其是幼儿更需要细心照料。

句(1)也可以作另一种理解:especially 是修饰 his manners 的:

姑娘们尤其反对他的举止。

especially与specially有相同之处：

A. 它们都可作“专门地”“特意地”解。在这个意义上，它们常常是可以互换的：

1. I made this cake specially for you. 这个蛋糕是我特意为你做的。

2. I wrote them specially for you. 我是专为你写的。

3. I bought these flowers especially for you. 这些花儿我是专为你买的。

4. The school was set up especially for workers' children. 这所学校是专为工人子弟建立的。

5. I bought this present especially for you. 我专门为你买了这件礼物。

NODE 明确地指出,在 written especially for Jonathan 与 written specially for Jonathan 之间很难确定孰优孰劣。

B. 它们都可作“格外地”“特别地”“很”“非常”解：

1. The food was not specially good. 食物并不太好。

2. The food in that restaurant is not especially good. 那家餐厅的饭菜不太好。

3. We need to be especially careful. 我们需要特别仔细。

它们的不同之处在于 especially 常常作“尤其是”“特别是”解，引出同位语或强调主语、宾语、状语（包括状语从句）等。许多标准化英语试题都涉及到 especially 的这一用法：

1. He liked the American country singers, especially George Jones. 他喜欢美国乡村歌手，尤其是乔治·琼斯。

2. I like all the children, Lester especially. 我喜欢所有的孩子,特别是李斯特。

[附注] specially 偶尔也用作“尤其是”解(仅用于非正式语体):

The children really enjoyed seeing the things in the museum, specially the dinosaurs. (CIDE) 孩子们确实喜欢看博物馆的展品，尤其是恐龙。

由此看来,英语的 specially 和 especially 的实际用法并不像上面的试题那样格式化。请做下面的英语试题：

It's always difficult being in a foreign country, ____ if you don't speak the language. A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially(全国高考,00-11)