原书主词条 · 2 个连续词条

tell/say

原书 PDF 第 1509—1510

tell/say1

In every society there are norms that say individuals how they are supposed to behave. (TOEFL)

试题要求将 say 改为 tell。但是,我不明白这里为什么不能用 say

这里涉及到 saytell 的基本用法问题。英语里没有 say sb. sth. 的格式,但是有 tell sb. sth. 的格式或 tell sth. to sb.say sth. to sb. 的格式。从下面的例句可以看出,tell 可用于三种结构:1. 间接宾语 + 直接宾语;2. 直接宾语 + 介词宾语;3. 间接宾语 + 介词宾语;而 say 除了单独带直接宾语外,只能用于一种结构:直接宾语 + 介词宾语。

  1. Mary told only John the secret. (CGEL) 玛丽把秘密只告诉了约翰。

  2. Mary told the secret only to John. (同上) 玛丽把秘密只告诉了约翰。

  3. Mary told only John about the secret. (同上) 关于这个秘密玛丽只告诉了约翰。

  4. Why didn't anybody say this to me? (同上) 为什么谁也没有向我说到这件事呢?

  5. He had said to her in London that he was without many illusions. (Dreiser) 他在伦敦曾对她说过,他没有很多的幻想。

  6. Please say something to us. (CGEL) 请对我们说些什么吧。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-8.md · 74447463PDF:第 1509 页 · tell/say 1

tell/say2

A policeman came to see me about the theft. “____ investigate,he said. A. I’ve been said to B. I’ve been told to C. It has been said to me D. It has been told me (Nelson, 250C) 答案为 B。我不明白为什么不能选 A

tellsay 的另一个区别, 是 tell 可用于 tell sb. to do sth. 结构, 而 say 却无 say sb. to do sth. 的用法。

  1. I told him to go away. (Chambers) 我让他走了。

  2. Tell him to wait. (OSD) 叫他等着。

  3. She told me to call again tomorrow. (CGEL) 她叫我明天再打电话。

其次还要懂得,在 tell sb. sth. 结构中,其中的间接宾语可以成为被动句的主语:

  1. He was told to go away. 有人叫他走。

  2. Mark was told to see a doctor. (CGEL) 有人叫马克去看医生。

上面试题中的选项 B 便属于这一用法。

[附注]在英语中,尤其是在美国英语中,有 say for sb. to do sth. 的用法:

She said for us to sit down. (CGEL) 她叫我们坐下。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-8.md · 74647492PDF:第 1510 页 · tell/say 2