问英语｜英语常见问题解答

make¹

问

It was he who really united England, Scotland and Ireland, who enforced justice and order at home and made England stronger and more respected abroad than she had ever been before in the whole of her history... (Essential English, Book 4, p. 110)

[原译]真正把英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰统一起来的就是他。他在国内实现公正和稳定社会秩序，在国外受到别国的尊敬，使英国比历史上任何时期都更加强盛。（中译本）请问 more respected 是指“他受到尊敬”吗？

答

make 有一个很常用的意义：“使……处于某种状态”。make 的宾语之后可以跟名词、形容词、分词等，来充当宾语的补足语。下面仅举两个用分词充当宾语补足语的例句。

I made myself understood by all the students in the lower grades. 我让低年级的学生全部听懂了我的话。
You must make yourself respected. 你必须使你自己受到别人的尊敬。

请注意,在这种句型里,make 的宾语都是其补足语(understood, repeated)逻辑上的主语。你所提问的题中的 made England stronger and more respected 就是属于这里所讲的句型。其中 stronger and more respected 的逻辑主语是 England。而原译者把关系代词 who 看成是 more respected 的逻辑主语了。

[试译]……他使英国变得比历史上任何时期都更加强大,更加受到外国的尊敬……请做下面的英语试题:

There was so much noise the speaker couldn't make himself ____. A. hearing B. to hear C. heard D. being heard(全国研考)
In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ____ their products more competitive. A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made(上海高考,02-25)

make¹

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说明

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It'll make me so happy if you'll accept it. 如果你接受它，会使我很高兴的。
This made the street as light as day. 这使得这条街像白天一样明亮。
A piece of merry music will make you happy. 一支欢乐的乐曲会使人感到愉快。

[试译]通过退火可以使金属达到人们所需要的软硬程度。

请做下面的英语试题：

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.

A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make(全国高考,99-21)

There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself _. A. hearing B. to hear C. heard D. being heard
He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ____ in his lectures.

A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest(全国高考江苏卷,07-30)

make²

问

It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it. (全国高考,90-阅B)

[原译]通过韧炼可以按照所需要的硬软程度去冶炼金属。（《全国高考英语试题精析与分类练习》，华夏出版社，p.41）

请问上句中的 make metal 是“冶炼金属”吗？

答

“冶炼”是指用熔炼、电解等方法把矿石中的金属提取出来。而退火（annealing），即上面译文所谓的韧炼则是指钢材的一种热处理方法。因此，把这种处理方法译成“冶炼”，显然是译者误解了上句中make的含义。make在这里是个使役动词，metal是它的宾语，而hard or soft是宾语补足语。它属于make sth. +形容词的句型(参见

make³

问

（A）She made him a good husband.

(B) She made him a good wife.

请问,这两个句子在结构上有什么区别?

答

这是两个完全不同的结构。在句(A)中,make 是及物动词,作“使成为”“培养成为”解,例如 The party has made him a staunch communist.(党把他培养成为坚强的共产主义者)。这种句型的结构是:主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 宾补(him 为宾语,a good husband 为宾语补足语)。与句(A)相对应的被动句为:He was made a good husband.而在句(B)中,make 是不及物动词,作“成为”解,其结构为:主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 主补。句(B)的意思相当于:She was a good wife to him.(她成了他的好妻子。)

练习

请做下面的英语试题：

John Joseph Pershing ____ in 1919, the first highest rank held by any American citizen except George Washington

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A. to be a full general B. he made a full general C. made a full general D. was being made a full general(TOEFL)

Ann said, "Englishmen ____ good husbands because they are nearly always willing to help in the house." A. be B. do C. get D. make

make⁴

问

“Is today your birthday?” “Yes, and my mother made ____.”

A. a cake to me B. me a cake C. a cake me D. a cake of me(TOEFL)

答案为 B(me a cake)。但是我认为 A(a cake to me) 也是对的。类例：

"When did you give that term paper to Prof. Bell?" "As soon as I could last week, I ____ it to him." A. had given B. would give C. gave D. was giving(TOEFL)

答

make 的用法与 give, teach, send, show 不同。当表示“为某人做……”时，则只能采用 make + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语的结构或者 make sth. for sb. 结构：

I have made you a cup of tea. (Voynich) 我给你泡了一杯茶。
She made a meal for Paul. (CGEL) 她给保罗做了饭。