原书主词条 · 5 个连续词条

insist

原书 PDF 第 750—752

insist1

I insist that you give me my money back.

郑孝通编著的《“高中英语”重点·难点纵横谈》(二)一书(中国科技大学出版社,p.61)在解释上面的句子时说:give前省略了should。查了许多教辅材料,也都是这么解释的。请问这种解释是否恰当?

上面的解释是不恰当的。实际上,上句中的giveshould give分属于两种不同的语法形式,前者决不是后者的省略形式。前一种形式叫做现在虚拟式,亦称be型虚拟式,主要用在美国英语中,目前在英国英语中,由于受到美国英语的影响,也越来越多地用在正式语体中。而should结构主要用于英国英语中。请看R.Quirk等人对此问题的观点:

The employees have demanded that the manager {resignshould resignresigns}\left\{ \begin{array}{l} \text{resign} \\ \text{should resign} \\ \text{resigns} \end{array} \right\} (esp AmE) (esp BrE) (CGEL, § 3.59)

雇员们要求经理辞职。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-4.md · 1006910082PDF:第 750 页 · insist 1-2

insist2

Our teacher insisted that we ____ in class. A. not to talk B. don't talk C. should not talk D. not talk

郑孝通编著的《“高中英语”重点·难点纵横谈》(二)(中国科技大学出版社,p.61)在解答上道题时说:

insist that...,后面可以加 should,也可省略,动词用原形。但用在 should not 时,则不能省略 should”。

由此看来,上题的唯一正确答案,只能是 C(should not talk)。请问果真是这样吗?

上面的解释把两种不同的结构混同为一种结构了。实际上,在上面的 that 从句中使用现在虚拟式和 should 结构都是正确的。在使用第一种结构时,that 从句如为否定句,则否定词 not 应放在动词之前,例如:

  1. They insisted that we not eat meat. 他们坚持不让我们吃肉。

  2. Jean's uncle insists that he not stay in this hotel. 琼的叔父坚持不住这家旅馆。

由此可见,上道题中的选择项 D(not talk) 也同样是正确的。

练习
  1. Mike's uncle insists ____ in this hotel.

    1. A

      staying not

    2. B

      not to stay

    3. C

      that he would not stay

    4. D

      that he not stay(全国四级,00.1-52)

  2. It was recommended that passengers ____ smoke during the flight.

    1. A

      not

    2. B

      need not

    3. C

      could not

    4. D

      would not(全国英语专业四级,94-58)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-4.md · 1008310110PDF:第 750 页 · insist 1-2

insist3

He insisted that I ____ to lunch. A. stay B. stayed C. must stay D. have got

郑孝通编著的《“高中英语”重点·难点纵横谈》(二)(中国科技大学出版社,p.61)认为上道题的唯一正确答案是A(stay)。但我认为,选择项C(must stay)也是同样正确的。不知我的看法是否正确?

你的看法是正确的。你从下面的实例可以看出,在 insist 等动词之后,that 从句也可以使用 should 以外的情态动词。例如:

  1. She insisted that Jim must leave. 她坚持吉姆必须离开。

  2. She insisted that he must go out no more until he was cured. 她坚持在他病好之前不许他再外出。

  3. When I shared the story with the King, he insisted that I must see it for myself. (Hillary, Living History) 国王听说此事后,坚持要让我亲自验证比尔的说法。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-4.md · 1011110125PDF:第 751 页 · insist 3-4

insist4

《英语考试题典》(本科生、硕士生专用)(吉林科学技术出版社,1994,p.492)有一道判错题:

We insist that the Smiths are told about that matter. No Error. A B C D E

书上给的答案是 C( are told 应改为 be told)。但我认为 C 并没有错误。

首先应当注意,动词 insist 具有两种不同的含义:1. 坚持,坚持要求;2. 坚持认为,坚持说。insist 用作第一个含义时,that 从句中的谓语动词要用现在时虚拟语气或者 should + 动词原形(英国英语):

  1. I insist that he {leaveshouldleave}\left\{\begin{array}{l} leave \\ should leave \end{array}\right\} at once. (CGEL) 我坚持让他马上离开。

  2. ... He always insisted that it should be written out in full. (New Concept English, Book 3, L.22) 他总是坚持要求把信全文写出来。

  3. They insisted that we not eat meat. (CGEL) 他们坚持不许我们吃肉。

但是, 当 insist 用作第二个意义时, 则使用陈述语气:

  1. She insisted that he is guilty of fraud. (CGEL) 她坚持认为他犯有诈骗罪。

  2. He insisted that he had done right. 他坚持说他做得对。

  3. Art critics insisted he was an illustrator rather than an artist. (WTYB) 艺术批评界认为他是个插图绘画者,而不是一个画家。

  4. He insisted that direct dialing was fast and convenient. (English for Today, Book 4) 他坚

持认为电话直拨是既迅速又方便的。

  1. Others insisted that the suspicious placement of disciples in The Last Supper was some kind of code. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 另一些人则坚持说,《最后的晚餐》中耶稣门徒们令人生疑的位置安排,便是一种密码。(《达·芬奇密码》)

  2. He denied the charges against him and insisted that the girl, a distant relative, had made up her story. (Hillary, Living History) 他否认涉案,坚称是女方(他的远亲)凭空捏造。(希拉里,《亲历历史》)

你所提问的试题中的 insist 既可以理解为指第一种含义,也可以理解为指第二种含义。因此,that 从句既可以用现在时虚拟语气,也可以用陈述语气。在作上面两种不同的理解时,上面的句子便具有两种不同的含义:

(a)我们坚持要求把这件事告诉史密斯家(be told)

(b)我们坚持认为这件事已告诉了史密斯家(are told)

练习

请做下面的英语试题:

  1. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ____ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey(全国高考)

  2. He insists that you are on time for the appointment you made. (TOEFL)

  3. Jean's uncle insists ____ in this hotel. A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not (TOEFL)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-4.md · 1012610176PDF:第 751 页 · insist 3-4

insist5

We insisted that he leave at once,she said. 当句子的直接引语变成间接引语时句中的虚拟语气(leave)是否要改变成过去时?

这种类型的虚拟语气,在间接引语中仍保留原来形式:She said that they (had) insisted that he leave at once. 她说他们坚持让他立即离开。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-4.md · 1017710182PDF:第 752 页 · insist 5