原书主词条 · 33 个连续词条

when

原书 PDF 第 1683—1693

when1

when = the time when $^{1}$

I remember ____ this used to be a quiet village.

A. when B. how C. where D. what(全国高考,93-28) (《历届高考英语选择题详解》,学苑出版社,p.176)对上题作了如下分析: “[解析]该题考查一种比较特殊的用法。先请看以下一例句: He told me how he had read about it in The People's Daily. 他告诉我,他是在《人民日报》上读到这件事的。 以上 how 引导的从句用于间接陈述句中, 其意义和作用与 that 相仿。 本题 A, C, D 三个答案均不合题意, 只有把 how 看作 that 的作用填进去才适宜。”

该书作者给错了答案(B),因而作了错误的解答。上面试题的正确答案是A(when)。应把这里的when看作是省略了中心词the time (the days)的关系副词。这种when从句叫做名词性定语从句(参见nominal relative clauses)。再如:

  1. 1979 was when my son was born. (when = the year when) 1979 年是我儿子出生的那一年。
  2. Autumn is when the countryside is most beautiful. 秋天是农村最美丽的季节。 [试题句意]我记得这地方过去是寂静的村庄的那个时光。
练习
  1. He will set out at eight o'clock. That's when ____.

    1. A

      the trip ends

    2. B

      the journey ends

    3. C

      the voyage stops

    4. D

      the journey begins(NCE) when 2^{2}

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 57825815PDF:第 1683 页 · when 1

when3

when = the time when $^{3}$

Considering when these paintings were done, they are in excellent condition.

上句中 when 引导的从句是时间状语从句吗?

上句中 when 不是连词, 而是暗含有一个名词的定语从句——名词性定语从句: when = the time when。见 wh-clause 3^{3} , why 4^{4} , where 5^{5} , nominal relative clauses

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 58445853PDF:第 1684 页 · when 2-4

when4

The ruins were soon covered by thick forests and were forgotten until 1861, when the French, who then controlled Cambodia, discovered them.

上句中的 when 从句是时间状语从句吗?

上句中的 when 是关系副词,引导的是定语从句,其中心词是 1861。when 的这种用法在各种教材和试题中曾反复出现:

  1. The main school holidays are from mid-December till early February when the days are long and warm. 学校的主要假期是从 12 月中到 2 月初, 这段时间里白天长, 而且很温暖。

  2. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, when for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. (北京, 00 春 - 16) 今年, 对于这些足球迷来说, 那是一个激动人心的时刻, 因为此时他们的足球队多年来第一次赢得了世界杯。

  3. The summer of 1969, (the year) when men first set foot on the moon, will never be forgotten. 1969 年夏季是人们永远不会忘记的,这一年人类第一次登上月球。

  4. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in the far-away village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where(全国高考,01-22)

  1. We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when(北京高考,03 春 - 31)

  2. She remembered several occasions in the past ____ she had experienced a similar feeling. A. which B. before C. that D. when(全国英语专业四级,98-42)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 58545881PDF:第 1684 页 · when 2-4

when5

when 是连词还是关系副词

In 1921 Einstein won the Nobel Prize, and was honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism A B

then he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew. (全国研考,96-17)

谢振元教授主编的《历年英语考研试题精解及模拟试题》(中国人民大学出版社,1999, P. 70) 对上题解答如下:

“应将(C)中的‘then’改为‘when’,引导一个时间状语从句。”

请问上句中 when 引导的从句是时间状语从句吗?

如果把 when 从句看作是时间状语从句的话,那就无法解释它是哪个成分的时间状语从句。它既不可能修饰...won the Nobel Prize,也不能修饰...was honored in Germany。可见,时间状语从句之说是站不住脚的。

实际上, when 在这里是个关系副词, 引导的是个(非限制性)定语从句。其中心词是 the rise of Nazism

下面是类似的例句:

  1. What's the time when she normally arrives? (CGEL)

她通常什么时候到达?

  1. The summer of 1969, (the year) when men first set foot on the moon, will never be forgotten. 1969年夏季是人们永远不会忘记的,这一年人类第一次登上月球。

[句意]1921年爱因斯坦获得了诺贝尔奖,他在德国很受尊敬,直到纳粹上台。纳粹上台后由于他是犹太人而被赶出了德国。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 58825909PDF:第 1685 页 · when 5-8

when6

Hardly... when/before 见 scarcely

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 59105913PDF:第 1685 页 · when 5-8

when7

I'd like to know when they ____.

A. come B. will come C. would come D. shall come 书上给的正确答案是 B(will come),但我认为正确答案应当是 A(come)。因为我们的老师一再强调:when 引起的从句不能使用动词的将来时。

首先应当弄清楚,when 既可以引出时间状语从句,也可以引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句)。你们老师说 when 引起的从句不能使用动词的将来时指的是时间状语从句,例如,When he comes, I will tell him to fetch the police.(他来时,我要告诉他去叫警察。)I'll give him these letters when I see him.(我看到他的时候,我将把这些信交给他。)但是,当 when 引出名词性从句时,那就要根据实际情况来使用动词的时态:

  1. Can you tell me when the bank opens? 你能告诉我银行什么时候开门吗?(when 引出宾语从句,opens 表示通常情况,故用一般现在时)

  2. I'd like to know when they'll let him out. (Shaw) 我想知道他们什么时候才放他出去。(when 引出宾语从句, will let 表示将来时间)

  3. When she'll be back depends much on the weather. (Mis) 她何时归来在很大程度上取决于天气。(参见 if 5^{5} )(when 引出主语从句, will be 表示将来时间)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 59145930PDF:第 1685 页 · when 5-8

when8

请详细分析下面句子里 when 的意义和用法。

  1. What is the force that causes the moon to move about the earth? Newton said the answer came to him while he was sitting in a garden. He was thinking about this question when an apple fell to the ground. (PSSC, Physics)

[原译]……当他看到苹果落地时,他正在思考着这个问题。[《物理》(二),科学出版社,p.336]

  1. She had just finished dressing when her guests arrived.

[原译]客人到时,她刚穿戴完毕。(《英语交际语法》,上海译文出版社,p.303)

应当注意,这里的 when 并不是引导一个时间状语从句来修饰另一个分句的谓语,恰恰相反,倒是前一个分句为 when 分句提供了一个时间背景。有的语法学家因此把这种类型的句子叫做并列句。在一般的主从复合句里,从句所包含的信息,与主句相比大都处于陪衬地位。而这里的 when 分句所包含的却是重要信息。正如 R. Quirk 等人所指出的,“这类 when 分句所引导的,是前面的叙述所没有提到过的信息。它总是对所描述的事件予以惹人注目的强调并使之达到高潮”。因此,英译汉时必须把这层意思表达出来。表达方法,一是将 when 译为“这时”( = at that moment)、“突然”,二是把 when 分句译在句子的末尾这一突出重要信息的位置(请比较“屡战屡败”与“屡败屡战”,“情理可恕,法律难容”与“法律难容,情理可恕”)。所以,例(1)似应译为:“……他正在思考着这个问题,这时(突然)一只苹果落到地上”。例(2)似应译为:“她刚穿戴完毕,客人们就来了。”

(1)I was just going when he came in.

[原译]他进来时我正要走。(《新英汉辞典》, p.691)

(2) I was cooking when she knocked at the door.

[原译]她敲门的时候我正在做饭。(10年制初中课本IV,p.30)

(3) I was ____ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

A. to B. on C. at D. in(全国四级,99.6-65)

[原译]当他的信到达的时候,我正准备给他打电话。(《大学英语四级历年考试试题详解》,外文出版社,p.241)

上面的译法是否忠实于原文?

译者们没有注意 when 在这里的用法。正确的译文应当是:(1)我刚要走,他就进来了。(2)我正在做饭,突然听到她的敲门声。(3)我正要给他打电话,他的信就来了。详细的情形,请见 when 8^{8} ,

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 59315960PDF:第 1685 页 · when 5-8

when8

条中已经谈到这种句型中的 when = at that moment, 并表示 when 分句里的动作的突然性。因此, when 分句里的谓语动词必须是瞬间动词, 而不可能是持续性动词, 如 rain。请看下面的实例:

说明

条中已经谈到这种句型中的 when = at that moment, 并表示 when 分句里的动作的突然性。因此, when 分句里的谓语动词必须是瞬间动词, 而不可能是持续性动词, 如 rain。请看下面的实例:

  1. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the gate. 他刚要走,有人敲门。

  2. The government ____ to approve the use of wide-spread surveillance when the Justice Department took objections.

A. is going B. had been C. was about D. is coming(TOEFL)

  1. She had just finished dressing when her guests arrived. 她刚穿戴完毕,客人们就来了。

  2. Johnsy was sleeping when they went in. (O. Henry) 约翰西正在睡觉,他们突然走了进来。

  3. I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop. (M. Twain) 我正沿着街道漫步,突然看见了一个裁缝店。

  4. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. (NCE, 2, L. 62) 飞机播种了将近一个月才开始下雨。

因此,《新编英语语法》例句中的 when it rained 应改为 when it began to rain.

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 60096028PDF:第 1685 页 · when 5-8

when8

和 when $^{13}$ 。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 60336034PDF:第 1685 页 · when 5-8

when8

说明

[试题句意]一个雨天,我正驱车向北穿过佛蒙特州时,突然看到一个年轻人举着一块写着“波士顿”的牌子。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 61066109PDF:第 1685 页 · when 5-8

when10

She was just about to open the window and shout at the dog to frighten it, when she stopped and stood quite still. [《高中英语教科书》第二册(上),人教社,p.68]

与该书配套的《教师教学用书》(p.174)对上面的句子作了如下的注释:

“1)……

Professor Smith will visit our school, when he will give us a talk on English study. 史密斯教授将要来我校参观,届时他将给我们作有关英语学习的报告。

I was about to do my homework last night, when I heard a cry for help. 昨晚我正要做家庭作业的时候,突然听到呼救声。

My friend Peter arrived at six, when we all had dinner. 我的朋友彼得6点钟到达,那时我们都在吃晚饭。”

问题1:上句中的when作“……然后”(… and then)解吗?

问题2:该书所举的例子与它所解答的句子属于同一句型吗?

回答1:上句中的when不作“……然后(... and then)”解。因为如果这么理解的话,则上面的句子是无法理解的,也是无法翻译的:

她正要打开窗户,大声吓走那条狗,然后她停了下来……(“正要”显然不会与“然后”连用)

其实, 这里的 when 表示“这时(突然)”。它可与过去进行时、过去完成时以及 was/were (just) about to 连用, 见

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 59635986PDF:第 1686 页 · when 9-10

when11

We were about to start when it rained.(章振邦主编《新编英语语法》上册,p.200)请问when it rained用得是否正确?

我们在

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 60056008PDF:第 1687—1688 页 · when 11-13

when11

例2。

说明

例2。

C. when 分句之前的分句用了过去完成时或过去完成进行时:

  1. New York editor Jonas Faukman had just climbed into bed for the night when the telephone rang. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 《纽约时报》编辑琼纳斯·福克曼刚爬上床,准备睡觉,电话铃就响了起来。(《达·芬奇密码》)

  2. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, 'Do you speak English?' (New Concept English, Book 2, L.14) 在快到达城镇时,那个年轻人突然慢慢地说:“你会说英语吗?”

  3. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. (New Concept English, Book 2, L. 62) 飞机播种了将近一个月才开始下雨。

  4. We had been asleep for only a few hours when we heard a brisk knock on the bedroom door. (Hillary, Living History) 我们只睡了几小时,就听见急促的敲门声。(希拉里,《亲历历史》)

请做下面的英语试题:

  1. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.

A. as B. until C. while D. when(上海高考,02-36)

  1. We ____ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had(全国四级,90.1-53)

  2. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, ____ something occurred which attracted my attention. A. unless B. until C. when D. while(全国四级,96.1-45)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 60686094PDF:第 1687—1688 页 · when 11-13

when12

I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, 'Do you speak English?' (New Concept English, Book 2, L.14) 我觉得句中的 when 不大好理解,请解释。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 60296032PDF:第 1687—1688 页 · when 11-13

when13

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 59615962PDF:第 1687—1688 页 · when 11-13

when13

。让我们补充一个类似的实例:

说明

。让我们补充一个类似的实例:

He was just about to give up, and spend the rest of the night on the back seat of the car, when he had a bright idea. 正当他打算放弃,准备在汽车的后座躺到天明时,他突然产生了一个聪明的想法。

回答2:该书所举的例句本身以及它所解答的句子并不属于同一句型,只有例2与它所解答的句子属于同一句型。例1和例3中的when是关系副词,引出非限制性定语从句(例1中的when修饰前面的分句,而例3中的when修饰at six)。它与我们在when 4,5^{4,5} 所讨论的用法相同。下面让我们再补充若干实例:

  1. Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work. 星期日是休息日,在那一天人们不去上班。

  2. We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们要把野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能会变好。

下面的连词 when 才作“……然后”(… and then) 解:

  1. I shall be on holiday till the end of September when I return (或 when I shall return) to London. 我将休假到九月底,之后我将返回伦敦。

  2. We began to play, when it soon became clear that none of the boys knew the rules of the game. 我们开始玩起来,后来很快就明白了这些孩子没有一个懂得这种游戏的规则。

[句意]正当她要打开窗户,向那条狗大声喊叫,以便把它吓走,她突然停了下来,站在那里一动也不动。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 59876004PDF:第 1687—1688 页 · when 11-13

when13

您在前面讲过,when 分句有时并不是充当时间状语从句来修饰前面的分句,倒是前面

的分句为 when 分句提供了时间背景。请问在什么条件下 when 分句具有此种用法?

当位于句末的 when 分句具有此种用法时,它前面的分句大致有三种情况:

A. when 分句前面的分句使用过去进行时:

  1. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他正笑着的时候,门突然开了,他妻子走了进来。

  2. I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. (许国璋《英语》,第二册,p.176) 我正想着这件事,突然听到有人叫我的名字。

  3. He was going to throw the dish away when he noticed that the penicillium colony was surrounded by an area completely clear of the pathogenic bacteria. (CBSE) 他正想把这个碟子扔掉,这时他突然发现青霉素的周围完全没有病原菌了。

  4. ... I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants. (NCE 3, L. 23) 我碰巧在庭园里散步,突然看到许许多多的蜗牛正在一些我所喜欢的植物上爬动。

  5. "I was lying on my back reading when I saw the snake. I knew that moving was out of ____." A. the bargain B. the question C. the chancel D. the risk(Nelson, 450A)

  6. We were talking it over in my house one morning in early January when the phone rang. (B. Clinton, My Life) 1月的一天早上,我们两个人正在屋子里讨论这些问题的时候,电话铃响了。(《我的生活》)

  7. The embassy's night operator was reading Time magazine's International Edition when the sound of her phone interrupted. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 大使馆的晚间接线员正在阅读国际版的《时代》杂志,忽然电话铃声响了起来。(《达·芬奇密码》)

  8. I was sitting in geometry class on November 22, 1963, puzzling over one of Mr. Craddock's problems, when another teacher came to tell us President Kennedy had been shot in Dallas. (Hillary, Living History) 1963年11月22日,我正在上几何课,思索着几何学老师克拉多克先生所出的一道难题,突然另一位老师走进教室,告诉大家肯尼迪总统在达拉斯遭人开枪暗杀了。

  9. A couple of days later, I was coming down the steps to the ground floor of the law school when I saw Hillary again. (B. Clinton, My Life) 过了几天之后, 我走下法学院去一楼的楼梯时又见到了希拉里。(《我的生活》)

B. when 分句之前的分句用了 was(were) about to, was (were) on the point of:

  1. We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发,就开始下雨了。

  2. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the gate. 他刚要走,有人敲门。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 60356067PDF:第 1687—1688 页 · when 11-13

when14

On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ____ I noticed a young man holding up a sign readingBoston”. A. which B. where C. when D. that(全国研考,00-5)

所有的考研英语辅导材料给的答案都是 C(when)。但是,对 when 的词性却有各种各样的解释。《硕士研究生入学考试历年英语真题解析》(南开大学出版社,p.223)认为 when 是个关系副词,张锦芯教授主编的《考研历年英语真题名家详解》(中国人民大学出版社,p.142),也认为 when 是关系副词,但它明确指出 whena rainy day 的关系副词(显然是指 when 从句是 a rainy day 的定语从句),而《考研英语分项指导与真题分析大全》(北京航空航天大学出版社,p.66)则认为这里的 when 是连接副词。究竟孰是孰非?

首先要弄清楚,这里的 when 属于下列常见句型:

was doing ... when(即上句中的... was driving ... when)

在这种句型中, when 是个连词(见 CGEL, § 15.28)。因此, 关系副词和连接副词的说法是不正确的。至于把 when 从句看作定语从句的说法, 那就是对这一结构更加严重的误解了。更详细的情形, 见

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 60956105PDF:第 1689 页 · when 14-17

when15

Ions, produced by dissociation of molecules, drift through the solution when a potential difference is maintained. [北大《英语》(三), p. 13] [原译]当存在电势差时,离子从分子分解出来,通过溶液流动。(《教参》) 我认为译文违背化学原理,请分析。

when从句是修饰谓语动词drift的,而不是修饰过去分词produced的。事实上,电解质分子并不是当存在电势差时才电离为离子,而是在水溶液中就电离为离子的。存在电势差只能使业已电离的离子定向移动。因此上述译法是违背化学常识的。 [试译]由分子电离而产生的离子,当有电势差存在时,便在溶液中流动。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 61106121PDF:第 1689 页 · when 14-17

when16

Do you remember this man being outside when you came in? [原译]当你进来的时候是否记得这个人在外边?(语法)when从句是修饰谓语动词remember的吗?

时间状语从句 when you came in 并不是修饰动词 remember 的, 而是修饰动名词短语 being outside 的。这一点可以从 remembercame 的不同时态看得出来。

[试译]你是否记得你进来的时候这个人在外面?

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 61226129PDF:第 1689 页 · when 14-17

when17

He walks when he might take a taxi. 句中的 when 是什么意思?

这里的 when 兼有时间和让步 (although) 的含义。根据上下文可采用不同的译法:

A. 虽然……却(但是), 尽管……但:

  1. Bob always goes a long way when he might take a short cut. 鲍勃虽有近路可走,却总走远路。

  2. He walks when he might take a taxi. 他虽然可以乘出租车,却总是步行。

  3. They have only three copies when we need five. 尽管我们需要五本,但他们只有三本。

  4. You describe this policy as rigid and inflexible, when in fact it has been extremely flexible.EED)你把这项政策说成是僵硬而毫无灵活性的,而事实上它是极其灵活的。

B. 本(应该,可以)……却(when 分句使用虚拟语气):

  1. She paid when she could have entered free. (CGEL) 她本来可以免费入场,而她却付了款。

  2. She stopped trying when she might have succeeded next time. (LDCE) 她本来下次有可能获得成功,而她却不再尝试了。

  3. They were gossiping, when they should have been working. (CGEL) 他们本该工作,却在那里说别人的闲话。

  4. She cleans the house by herself, when she could easily have asked her children to help her. (CGEL) 她本可以很容易地让孩子来帮忙,却还是亲自动手清理房间。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 61306157PDF:第 1689 页 · when 14-17

when18

How can I bring Joseph to his senses when he will not listen? 这里的 when 仍作“当……时候”解吗?

when 有时候可以表示理由。上面的句子似可译为:“(既然)约瑟连听都不肯听,我怎么能使他清醒过来呢?”类例:

  1. Why do you walk when you might ride? 既然可以乘车,为什么还要步行呢?

  2. How can I refuse when refusal means death? 既然拒绝意味着死,我怎么还能拒绝呢?

  3. Why do you walk when you have a car? 你既然有了汽车,为什么还要步行呢?

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 61586168PDF:第 1690 页 · when 18-20

when19

since when

I came here in 1950, since when I have been engaged in this work. 请解释 whensince when 从句。

如同 aswhich 一样,关系副词 when(不要与从属连词 when 相混淆)以及某些介词 + when 也能引导修饰句子的非限制性定语从句(sentential relative clauses),即不是修饰名词中心词的定语从句。这时 when 所代表的常常是前面的句子所提供的时间背景。

  1. Two years ago I bought a packet of your razor blades, since when I have used no others. (CGEL) 两年前我买了一包你们的剃须刀片,从那以后我再没用过别的。

  2. They settled in Seattle, by when she had obtained a master's degree in economics. (CGEL) 他们在西雅图住了下来,在那之前她已经获得了经济学硕士学位。

  3. She joined the editorial staff of a local newspaper, since when she has contributed to various monthlies. (CGEL) 她加入了一家地方报纸的编辑组,从那时开始她为各式各样的月刊投稿。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 61696185PDF:第 1690 页 · when 18-20

when20

They walked out when I {gavehadgiven}\left\{\begin{array}{l}gave\\had given\end{array}\right\} the lecture.

这两个句子有无区别?

使用一般过去时的 when 从句, 表示“我开始讲课”或“在我讲课的时候”, 而使用过去完成时的 when 从句, 则表示“在讲课结束以后”, 这时, when 具有 after 的含义。这说明 当 when 从句的谓语是持续性动词时, 一般过去时和过去完成时在意义上可能有很大差别。当主句使用一般现在时, 从句的一般现在时和现在完成时, 在意义上也存在着同样的差别:

The audience claps when she {sings. (A)has sung. (B)\left\{ \begin{array}{l} \text{sings. (A)} \\ \text{has sung. (B)} \end{array} \right.

(A)她唱歌时听众总是鼓掌。

(B)在她唱完歌后听众总是鼓掌。

when 21^{21}

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 61866201PDF:第 1690 页 · when 18-20

when21

Tell me when you're ready.

如何分析 when 分句?

这样的句子是有歧义的。(a)when理解为连词,when从句便是一个时间状语从句。全句的意思是:“当你准备好的时候告诉我。”(b)when从句看作是宾语从句。全句的意思是:“告诉我你什么时候准备好。”分析这样的歧义句,有助于我们根据上下文正确判断其真实含义。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 62026209PDF:第 1691 页 · when 21-24

when22

A desert area that has been without water for six years will still bloom when rain will come.

(TOEFL)

书上给的答案是D。但我不知道will come错在何处。

英语语法里有一条规则必须记牢:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句里,必须用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。例如:

  1. I'll give him these letters when I see him. 当我看到他时,我将把这些信给他。

  2. I shall tell him if he comes. 如果他来,我会告诉他的。

[参见

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 62106223PDF:第 1691 页 · when 21-24

when23

, before(conj.)]

说明

, before(conj.)]

请做下面的英语试题:

When will you come to see me, Dad?I will go to see you when you ____ the training course.

A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish(北京高考,03 春 - 26) when 23^{23}

下面是钱歌川先生《英文疑难详解》的一则问答(p.75):

“‘他没有告诉我他什么时候回来’。译成英文 He has not told me when he will be back. 为什么不对,请说明 when 的用法。

解答:这句英文的错误,关键在 when 一字,因为作‘疑问副词’用的 when 是不能与 perfect tense 连用的,我们不能说 When have you come back? 只能说 When did you come back? 同样的理由,质问中的句子,应作:He didn't tell me when he would be back. 才对。这是完全指的过去,与现在无关,所以不能用现在完成时态,因为这种时态是与现在有关系的。”

我一直不能理解,为什么 He has not told me when he will be back. 这个句子是错误的。

when 用作疑问副词,充当句子状语时,它是不能与现在完成时连用的。请看下面的实例:

  1. When did she arrive? (CGEL) 她是什么时候到达的?

  2. When will you be promoted? 你什么时候将被提升?

然而,在 He has not told me when he will be back. 这个句子里,when 并不作主句谓语动词 (has told) 的状语,而是引导一个宾语从句 (when 在宾语从句里作状语),因此,它对主句谓语动词时态的使用不应产生任何影响,可见《英文疑难详解》用不能说 When have you come back? 来证明不能说 He has not told me when he will be back. 显然是犯了逻辑错误。我们认为,钱歌川先生所说的典型错句是完全正确的句子。请看下面的实例:

  1. We have told them when we shall be there. (BBC) 我们已告诉他们我们将在什么时候到达那里。

  2. Has he told you when he is to leave for Kunming? 他告没告诉你他什么时候动身去昆明?(张道真《实用英语语法》,1995,p.189)

  3. We have informed them when we shall arrive. (BBC) 我们已通知他们我们将在什么时候到达。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 62246255PDF:第 1691 页 · when 21-24

when24

彭在义等编著的《英语选择法2000题分类详解》说:带when的句子不能用于现在完成时。是这样吗?

when 用作疑问副词时, 它确实不能与现在完成时连用, 因为 when 询问的是时间点 (什么时候)。例如:

When did you see Margaret last? (Snow) 你上次见到玛格丽特是在什么时候?

但是在 when 用作连词时, when 从句是可以与现在完成时连用的。

  1. No one can make a dress when they haven't learnt how. (LDCE) 如果尚未学会做衣服,谁也不能做衣服。

  2. I will write when I have finished the book. (Yeats) (此句中的现在完成时表达将来完成时的意义) 当我写完这本书的时候, 我将给你写信。

  3. When you've been a journalist as long as I have, working to a deadline is second nature. (J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows) 当你像我一样做了那么长时间的记者后,一直工作到最后期限是再自然不过的了。(《哈利·波特与死亡圣徒》)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 62566271PDF:第 1691 页 · when 21-24

when25

I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. (全国高考,98-8)

请问 when 从句是时间状语从句吗?

应把 when 从句看作是真实宾语或后移宾语,而把 it 看作是形式宾语或先行宾语,见 it 9^{9}

下面句中的 when 分句可以看作是主语从句:

It is a violation of human rights when women and girls are sold into the slavery of prostitution. (Hillary, Living History) 当妇女和女孩被卖身为娼妓时,这就是违反人权。(希拉里,《亲历历史》)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 62726283PDF:第 1692 页 · when 25-28

when26

when = if

Let us be calm, gentlemen. Shylock, how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?

句中的 when 是作“当……的时候”解吗?

从属连词 when 除了引导时间状语从句之外,还可以引导条件状语从句。

  1. How can we explain it to you when [if] you won't listen? 如果你不听,我们怎么向你解释这件事呢?

  2. If/When I reverse the car, it makes a funny noise. 如果我倒车,它就会产生奇怪的声音。

  3. How can I get a job when I can't even read or write? 如果我连读和写都不会,我怎么能找到工作呢?

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 62846299PDF:第 1692 页 · when 25-28

when27

when/while $^{1}$

____ the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.

A. Your having read B. While reading C. If reading D. When you read

有人说上题可以选 B, 理由是: While reading 可以解释为 While you are reading

上题只能选 D。因为主句的主语是 the meaning, 如果选 B, 则现在分词 reading 的逻辑主语就与句子的主语不一致了。while, when, if, though 等从属连词引导的从句虽然可以省略为 while/when/if/though + 分词, 但是有一个前提: 在一般情况下分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语相一致。

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 63006313PDF:第 1692 页 · when 25-28

when28

when/while $^{2}$

I was writing a letter while she came in.

老师告诉上句中的 while 应改为 when。我不理解为什么要作这样的修改, whenwhile

不是都作“当……的时候”解吗?

上句中的 while 必须改为 when, 因为 whenwhile 虽然都可译作“当……的时候”, 但它们的用法是有区别的:

A. when 引导的时间状语从句既可表示时间位置(time position),也可表示时间的延续,即表示一段时间(duration)。因此 when 从句既可使用瞬间动词(如 arrive, begin, borrow, lend, go, come, take, leave, stop, finish, die, join),也可使用持续动词(be, lie, stay, live, study):

  1. John was having his dinner when I saw him. 当我看到约翰的时候,他正在吃饭。

  2. I bought the car when I received my first salary. 当我得到第一次工资的时候,我便买了这辆汽车。

  3. She can write only when the baby is asleep. [ = while ] 只有婴儿睡着的时候,她才能写作。

  4. I was fond of swimming when I was yet a child. 当我还是个孩子的时候,我就喜欢游泳。

  5. My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 当我在公园散步的时候,我的笔掉在地上了。

B. while 引导的时间状语从句表示时间的延续, 即表示一段时间, 而不是瞬间, 因此, 不能与瞬间动词连用, 如上题中的 come:

  1. We must strike while the iron is hot. 要趁热打铁。

  2. While we were talking, the teacher came in. 我们正在谈话的时候,老师走了进来。不难发现,when 有时可用来代替 while,而 while 却不能用来代替 when 的第一种用法。

whenwhile 的另一个区别: when 从句的动作既可与主句的动作同时发生, 亦可先后发生, 而 while 从句只能表示主句的动作发生在 while 从句所表达的时间段之内:

  1. When you telephoned me, I was drawing a picture. 你给我打电话的时候,我正在画画。

  2. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. (先后发生)(全国高考) 汤姆很扫兴的是,他到达聚会地时,大部分客人都已经走了。

  3. My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle ... (同时发生)(全国高考) 我弟弟骑自行车时跌倒了……

  4. The telephone rang while I was having a shower. 我正在淋浴的时候,电话铃响了。请做下面的英语试题:

  5. ____ Betty came home yesterday evening, the children were watching TV.

A. While B. As soon as C. When D. Whenever(全国高考,96)

  1. ____ I got there, Mr. Black was reading a telegram from his hometown. He seemed excited.

A. When B. As C. While D. Since(北京会考,95-20)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 63146363PDF:第 1692 页 · when 25-28

when29

when + v-ing/v-ed/adj. / 介词短语

When travelling, you should take care of your health.

如何分析上句中的 when travelling?

when travelling 这样的从属连词 + v-ing/v-ed 的结构一般可以看作是省略了主语和 be 的某种形式的时间状语从句。这个被省略的主语就是句子的主语:

  1. Don't reach sideways while standing on a ladder. (while standing = while you are standing) 站在梯子上(的时候), 不要侧着身子去够东西。

  2. He wrote his greatest novel while working on a freighter. (while working = while he was working) 当他在货船上工作时,他写出了他最伟大的小说。

  3. Be careful when crossing the street. (crossing the street = when you are crossing the street) 过马路时要小心。

  4. Nobody bought the product, however, because when translated it meantX puts living things into dry hair.” 然而,谁也不买这个产品,因为原句翻译出来,意思是“X使干发生虫”。

除了 whenwhile 之外, 下列从属连词都能引导 v-ing/v-ed/adj: as soon as, once, although, though, as if (as though), if, even if, unless, whether ... or (参见相应的词条)。请做下面的英语试题:

____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing(全国四级,90.1-47)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 63646387PDF:第 1693 页 · when 29