问英语
原书主词条 · 2 个连续词条

intended to do/intended to have done

原书 PDF 第 756—757 页

intended to do/intended to have done1

问

I intended to have written hera letter yesterday, but I forgot to because of the day and evening A B C

appointments that I had.D\frac{\text{that I had.}}{\text{D}} (TOEFL)

这道改错题的答案是 A(要求将 to have written 改为 to write)。这道考题使我长期迷惑不解。难道 intended to have done 不是表达“本打算”这一含义的正确用法吗？

答

在美国英语里可以使用动词 intend 的过去时形式再加上简单的动词不定式(如 intended to write)来表示过去“本打算做,而实际没有做”这一含义。上面的试题过分地强调了美国英语的用法,而忽略了英国英语的用法,似欠公允,而有片面武断之嫌。实际上,在英国英语里,用 intended to + have done 这一结构来表达“本打算(而实际上未实现)”这一含义的例子俯拾即是:

  1. We intended to have gone to Wales... (GPU) 我们本来打算到威尔士去……

  2. I intended to have called you, but... (GPU) 我本打算给你打电话,但是……

  3. They intended to have gone to Arizona but the airport was closed because of kidnapping. 他们本打算去亚利桑那州，但由于绑架事件，机场关闭了。

  4. I intended to have called on you... (A. S. Hornby) 我本打算去拜访你……

intended to do/intended to have done 2^{2} 718

Markdown：英语常见问题解答大词典-4.md · 10429—10449 行PDF：第 756 页 · intended to do/intended to have done ¹

intended to do/intended to have done2

问

When I was in England, I intended ____ Plymouth, but I failed to do so.

A. to visit B. visiting C. having visited D. to have visited

(《新大纲大学英语全真典型题解词汇手册》，世界图书出版公司，p.259)给的答案是D，并解答说“intend + 动词不定式完成时，表示本打算做某事而实际上没有做。”我承认，intended + 动词不定式完成时为正确答案。我的问题是：选项A果真是错误用法吗？

答

如同上条试题有片面性一样,本条试题也有片面性:犯了顾此失彼的毛病。此题编者注意到了 intended + to have done 的正确性,而忽略了 intended to do 的正确性。其实,后一结构也可表示“本打算做某事而实际上没有做”的意思:

  1. I intended to telephone but I completely forgot. 我本打算打电话,但是我完全忘记了。

  2. I intended to catch the early train, but I got up late. 我本打算赶上早班火车，但是我起床晚了。

  3. I intended to do it, but I am afraid I forgot. 我本打算去做那件事，但很遗憾，我忘记了。

Markdown：英语常见问题解答大词典-4.md · 10450—10465 行PDF：第 757 页 · intended to do/intended to have done ²