object complement(宾语补足语)

在分析 see sth. carried out 之前,应当搞清楚整个句子的结构:that 从句是名词 the plan 的定语从句,其中的关系代词 that 在从句中作 see 的宾语。如把 that 还原为名词,则其结构为 They would like to see the plan carried out the next year. 其中的 see the plan carried out 便是动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语的结构(有些语法学家把宾语 + 宾语补足语结构称作复合宾语)。不要把宾语 + 宾语补足语仅仅理解为 see sb. do/doing 这样单纯的形式。实际上,它有多种多样的形式: A. 名词(代词) + to-v 或 v:

1. She wanted me to give her some money. 她想让我给她点儿钱。

2. George watched them eat. 乔治看着他们吃饭。

B. 名词(代词) + 名词:

1. They named the baby John. 他们给这个婴儿起名为约翰。

2. The public at large still considered her smile a great mystery. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 大多数人还是认为她的微笑非常神秘。(《达·芬奇密码》) C. 名词(代词) + 分词:

3. I found him drinking my whiskey. 我发现他正在喝我的威士忌。

4. I have never seen the word used that way before. 我从未看到过这个词这么用。

5. Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity. (SEFC, 2A, p.62) 因为没有电,所以许多城镇和村庄都断了水。

D. 名词(代词) + 形容词(见 object complement $^{3,4,6}$ ):

1. The man with a toothache thinks everyone happy whose teeth are sound. 牙痛的人认为一切牙齿好的人都很幸福。

2. I found the film very interesting. 我认为这部电影很有趣。

E. 名词(代词) + 介词短语:

She likes to keep everything in good order. 她喜欢一切东西都放得整整齐齐。

F. 名词(代词) + 副词:

He found the children all out. 他发现孩子们都出去了。

(参见 feel $^{2}$ , make $^{1,2}$ , have sb. do/doing, see sb. do/doing)

上句中的 straight 是形容词，在句中作宾语补足语。straight 表示“it”经过“hold”之后的状况，见 object complement $^{1,2}$ 。

1. Hold the ladder steady! 把梯子扶稳!

2. She held herself erect. 她把身子挺得笔直。

把上句中的 stolen 说成是宾语补足语, 是该书作者一时的疏忽。但是, 讨论这个句子, 有助于我们掌握两种不同的句式: A. The police found a lot of things stolen. (此时 stolen 为宾语补足语) B. The police found that a lot of things had been stolen. 上面的句子显然属于后一用法,只是 had been 因承前而省略了。可见，上句中的 stolen 应分析为谓语的一部分，而不应分析为宾语补足语。

what 从句是动词 consider 的宾语从句,而形容词 foolish 是 what 从句的补足语。这就是说,宾语从句也可以有补足语。

1. I consider what he said (to be) very important. (GPU) 我认为他说的话很重要。

2. He found what was going around him unusual. (Galsworthy) 他发觉在他周围发生的事情很不寻常。

(参见 end-weight)

英语有一个尾重原则。按照这个原则，应把长而复杂的句子成分放在句尾（如本句中的直接宾语 new techniques...），而把较短的成分放在它的前面（如本句中的宾语补足语 possible）。因此之故，我们常常见到宾语补足语放在直接宾语之前的例句。

1. He thought desirable most of the women in the room. (CGEL) 他认为房间里的大部分妇女都合乎要求。

2. He has proved wrong the forecasts made by the country's leading economic experts. 他已经证明了该国主要经济专家的预言是错误的。

3. We have done things we ought not to have done and left undone things we ought to have done. 我们做了我们本不该做的事，而那些应该做的事我们却没有做。

4. They pronounced guilty every one of the accused except the man who had raised the alarm. (GCE) 他们宣布，除了那个发出警报的人以外，所有的被告都有罪。

5. General Wiltshire called a coward any man who faltered under the heavy mortar fire. (UGE) 威尔特希尔将军把在猛烈致命的炮火下畏缩不前的人称为懦夫。

但是，较短的宾语补足语提前并不是强制性的，而是有选择余地的：

He found what was going around him unusual. 他发现在他周围发生的事情很不寻常。请做下面的英语试题：

1. A microphone enables a soft tone to be amplified, thus making it possible the gentle renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall. (TOEFL)

2. Libraries $\frac{\mathrm{do}}{\mathrm{A}}$ available—through books and $\frac{\mathrm{a variety}}{\mathrm{B}}$ of other media—knowledge that has been accumulated through the ages. (TOEFL.)

3. We have done things we ought not to have done and ____ undone things we ought to have done. A. leaving B. will leave C. left D. leave(全国六级,90.1-56)

(参见 word order $^{13}$ )