问英语
原书主词条 · 3 个连续词条

join

原书 PDF 第 787—788 页

join1

问

×He has joined the Army for two years. 他参军两年了。

自从我初学英语的时候起,老师就告诉我这个句子是错误的。但我直到现在也没有弄明白它究竟错在什么地方。

答

要弄清这个问题,必须懂得英语的所谓持续动词(durative verbs)和瞬间动词(momentary verbs)。持续动词表示在一段时间内延续的动作或事件,例如 be, lie, stand, sit, live, work, remain, hold 等;瞬间动词表示在极短的时间内完成的动作,例如, come, go, arrive, join, jump, kick, begin, stop 等。第一类动词可与表示时间段(a period of time)的时间状语(for two years 等)连用,而后一类动词却不能与表示时间段的时间状语连用。请对比:

  1. He has been ill for four days. 他病了四天了。

× He got ill for four days.

× He has fallen ill for four days.

  1. He has been in the Army for two years. 他参军两年了。

× He has joined in the Army for two years.

  1. He has lived there for three years. 他在那里住了三年了。 ×He has arrived there for three years.

  2. He has been married for four years. 他结婚四年了。

× He has married for four years.

  1. I sent it to him a week ago. 我一周前已把它寄给他了。 ×I have sent it to him for a week.
练习

请做下面的英语试题：

  1. My brother ____ the Youth League for two years. A. has been in B. has entered C. has taken part in D. has joined into(全国高考)

  2. Those who have joined in the army will get two months' strict training before they go to the front. (上海会考,93-27)

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join2

join in/join

问

I joined in the march and we were marching peacefully along and then the police came up. 上句中的 join in 与 join 都作“参加”解，它们能互换吗？

答

join是指“参加某个组织”“参加到某个人群中”，而成为其中的一员。例如：

join the army (the party, the team, the club, sb.) 参军(入党、入队、参加俱乐部、和某人一起活动)

  1. She joined a health club. 她参加了一个健身俱乐部。

  2. At the age of eight, he joined a group of child dancers, ... 他八岁就参加了一个儿童舞蹈队，……

  3. We both joined the Labour Party... 我们俩都加入了工党……

  4. Another reason for my joining the air force is the chance for special training. 我参加空军的另一个理由是有机会进行特殊的训练。

  5. May I join you? 我可以跟你(你们)一起(活动)吗?

  6. You are welcome to join us. 欢迎你加入到我们当中来。

而 join in 后跟的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词：

  1. He would not join in the game. 他不愿参加这个游戏。

  2. Can I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？

  3. Then a girl clerk joined in the discussion. 后来有一位女职员参加了讨论。

  4. After that more and more countries joined in the games. 后来越来越多的国家参加了奥林匹克运动会。

  5. May I join in your conversation? 我可以加入你们的谈话吗？

  6. This is an exciting game in which the whole family can join. 这是一种可以由全家人共同参加的激动人心的游戏。

注意, join in 中的 in 有时候可用作副词:

We are playing football. Do you want to join in? 我们在踢足球。你想参加吗？上面的两个结构可以合二为一：join sb. in (doing) sth:

  1. She joined the girls in a walk. 她跟姑娘们一起去散步了。

  2. Do join me in a swim? 和我一块去游泳吗？

  3. They joined him in a visit to London. 他们跟他一起参观了伦敦。

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join3

join/take part in

问

我们参加了一个乡村俱乐部。

[原译]We took part in a country club. 有人说这里用 took part in 是错误的。但是, 英汉词典不是明明白白地说 take part in 是“参加”的意思吗?

答

你之所以坚持你的意见，是因为你受了汉语的干扰。汉语可以说“参加军队”“参加俱乐部”，也可以说“参加讨论”“参加会议”。但是，英语表达第一种意义（即参加某个组织、群体），应当用 join（见 join 2^{2} ），表达第二种含义（即参加某项活动，如 discussion, movement, revolution, meeting, conference, conversation, debate, war）通常使用 take part in。你从下列实例中可以看出它们之间的区别：

  1. We joined the country club. 我们参加了乡村俱乐部。

  2. He joined the Army in'41. 41 年他参军了。

  3. The Swiss did not take part in the two world wars. 瑞士没有参加这两次世界大战。

  4. We took part in the conference. 我们参加了会议。

  5. I did not want to take part in their argument. 我没想介入他们的争论。

练习

请做下面的英语试题(填入 join, take part in 的适当形式):

  1. We are going to visit the flower show tomorrow. Will you ____ us?

  2. The children ____ the English Evening and had a good time.

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