原书主词条 · 2 个连续词条

almost

原书 PDF 第 123

almost1

The Pepsi-Cola slogancome alivealmost appeared in an ad in the Chinese issue of theReader’s DigestasPepsi brings your ancestors back from the grave”.

[原译]百事可乐的广告用语“活跃起来”登在《读者文摘》中文版的一幅广告中时几乎成了“百事可乐把您的祖先从坟墓里召回”。(《英语世界》,1983年第5期)

我觉得原译文不大对劲,但又说不清楚,请分析。

先从译文本身来看,既然百事可乐的广告用语已经刊登在《读者文摘》中文版的广告上,那么这个中文广告已经成了一个既成事实。广告登成什么样子,就是什么样子,怎么还能说“几乎成了……”呢?

再从英语原文来看, almost 说明动词时, 常常表示眼看就要发生而事实上并未发生的事, 其词义相当于 just about but not。例如:

  1. I almost fell off my bike. 我差点儿(没)从自行车上摔下来。(事实上没摔下来)

  2. He was almost drowned. 他差点儿(没)淹死。(事实上没淹死)

  3. Langdon and Teabing almost jumped to their feet. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 兰登和提彬紧张得差点要跳起来。(事实上没跳起来) (《达·芬奇密码》)

  4. The boy almost wept every time he was scolded( = He did not actually weep). 那孩子每次受到责骂时差不多都要哭。(实际上没有哭)

试比较:The boy wept almost every time he was scolded(He did not weep every time). 那孩子差不多每次受到责骂时都哭了。(实际上哭了,但不是每次都哭了)

I almost didn't meet him. 我差点没见到他。(事实上见到了)

应当指出的是,在翻译这类句子时,如果英语动词所表达的内容是不希望发生的事,则译成汉语动词的肯定式或否定式,有时候意思是一样的,也就是说,“几乎”(“差点儿”)跟“几乎不”(“差点儿不”)是一个意思。如果英语动词所表达的内容是希望发生的事,则“几乎”(“差点儿”)和“几乎不”(“差点不”)意思是相反的。拿例6来说,“我差点儿遇见他”(事实上没有遇见),跟“我差点儿没遇见他”(事实上遇见了),意思正好相反。再如,“我差点儿考上大学。”跟“我差点儿没考上大学”,意思也正好相反。

[试译]百事可乐的广告用语“活跃起来”被译成中文“百事可乐把您的祖先从坟墓里召回”,差点儿(没)刊登在《读者文摘》中文版上的一幅广告中。

nearly 也具有此种含义, 见 nearly/almost

练习
  1. "Was the test hard?" "The test was so hard that he ____ flunked it."

    1. A

      mostly

    2. B

      most

    3. C

      almost

    4. D

      about(TOEFL)

  2. He ____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.

    1. A

      was almost hurt

    2. B

      was hurt himself

    3. C

      was to hurt himself

    4. D

      was hurting himself(全国四级,91.6-70)

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-1.md · 73577396PDF:第 123 页 · almost 1-2

almost2

almost not(no, never, nothing)

《学生英语疑难解析词典》(辽海出版社,p.34)说:“almost 只能用于肯定句,不能用于否定句。

我差一点就搭不上火车了。

(1) I almost couldn't catch the train. (误)

(2) I almost failed to catch the train. (正)"

almost 真的不能用于否定句吗?

在英语教学中不应当再强调 almost 不能用于否定句的说法,因为在英语原著中不时会见到 almost 用于否定句的实例,尤其是在美国英语中(参见 nearly):

  1. I almost didn't meet him. (CEEL) 我差点没见到他。(事实上见到了)

  2. I almost cannot answer your question. 我几乎不能回答你的问题。至于 almostnever, no, none, no-one, nothing 构成的否定句, 那就更常见了:

  3. I almost never see her. (LDCE) 我几乎总见不到她。

  4. There is almost no leadership at all. (CCEU) 几乎没有领导。

  5. The speaker said almost nothing (= scarcely anything) worth listening to. (ALD) 那位发言者说的话几乎没有一句是值得听的。

  6. ...she has found almost nothing. (Jane Austen, Mansfield Park,1814) ……她几乎什么也没有找到。

练习
  1. He always goes to bed very late, so he ____ before 7 am.

    1. A

      almost gets up never

    2. B

      gets up nearly never

    3. C

      almost never gets up

    4. D

      never gets up nearly

  2. He was proud that he made ____ no mistakes in the test.

    1. A

      nearly

    2. B

      mostly

    3. C

      hardly

    4. D

      almost

Markdown:英语常见问题解答大词典-1.md · 73977435PDF:第 123 页 · almost 1-2