Chapter 3 限定词(二):数量限定词与个体限定词
3.8 限定词总结(三):限定词与of短语
3.8 限定词总结(三):限定词与of短语
在英文中,有很多数量或个体限定词同时还可以用作代词,此时它们的后面可以接of短语连用。此时的结构一般是:
数量或个体词+of+特指限定词+复数名词或不可数名词。
值得提醒大家注意的是,在of的后面必须有一个“特指限定词”,然后才能接名词,否则就是错误的。这里的“特指限定词”主要有下列四类:
一是,指示限定词,如this, that, these和those;
二是,物主限定词,如my, your, his, her, its, their和our;
三是,名词所有格,如Mike's, Mary's和the teacher's等;
四是,定冠词the。
注意,这四类限定词不能没有,也不能同时出现两个或以上。所以,我常常将这种情况简称为“四分之一”,即这四类限定词“有且只能有一个”。
具体用法如下:
一、all/most/some/any of+特指限定词+复数可数或不可数名词
请看例句:
1 Most of my/these/the/John's books are interesting.
如果没有“四分之一”,则是典型的错误。比如不能说:Most of books are interesting. *
如果没有“四分之一”,必须把of去掉才正确,即说成:Most books are interesting.
二、many/a few/few/several/both/two/three of+特指限定词+复数可数名词
请看例句:
2 Many of these students are good at English.
如果没有“四分之一”,则是典型的错误。比如不能说:Many of students are good at English. *
如果没有“四分之一”,必须把of去掉才正确,即说成:Many students are good at English.
三、much/a little/little of+特指限定词+不可数名词
请看例句:
3 Much of the water is wasted.
如果没有“四分之一”,则是典型的错误。比如不能说:Much of water is wasted. *
如果没有“四分之一”,必须把of去掉才正确,即说成:Much water is wasted.
注意,其他本身就带有of的数量词如a lot of, lots of, a couple of, plenty of, a number of和a great deal of等,则必须直接与名词连用,名词的前面不需要加特指限定词修饰。如:
4 a lot of books
不说:a lot of the books*
5 a great deal of water
不说:a great deal of the water*
6 a couple of days
不说:a couple of the days*
四、特别关注:all和both
在上述数量限定词中,all(指“三个或三个以上都”)与both(指“两个都”)的用法较为特殊。请读者认真研究下列句子。
正确:
7 1) All students are smart.
2) All of my students are smart.
3) All my students are smart.(all的独特用法)
不正确:
All of students are smart. *
both具有同样的用法。比如:
正确:
8 1) Both students are smart.
2) Both of my students are smart.
3) Both my students are smart.(both的独特用法)
不正确:
Both of students are smart. *
但其他数量词不能像all和both第3)种句子这样用。比如我们不能说:
1) most my students*
2) most the students*
3) many these students*
五、特别关注:不定代词与of短语
不定代词none, someone, anyone以及everyone,都是两个词合起来写成的一个词。它们还分别有分开写的形式:no one, some one, any one以及every one,都是两个词构成的不定代词。它们与of短语的搭配关系不同。首先,请读者研究下列表格:

从以上表格中,我们得出结论:
一是,合起来写的someone, anyone和everyone的后面不能接of短语。分开写的no one不能接of短语。
二是,分开写的some one, any one和every one的后面必须接of短语。合起来写的none要接of短语。
因此,我们不能说:
1) No one of us has a gift. *
2) Everyone of us has a gift. *
3) Someone of us has a gift. *
4) Anyone of us has a gift. *
而都要分别改写成:
9 1) None of us has a gift.
2) Every one of us has a gift.
3) Some one of us has a gift.
4) Any one of us has a gift.
一、在必要的地方加上of。
1. Some ______ students are lazy and some ______ students are hard-working.
2. Some ______ my students are a little lazy.
3. I bought a few ______ books yesterday.
4. I read a few ______ those books yesterday.
5. Most ______ people need six to eight hours of sleep every night.
6. Most ______ the people in this class like English.
7. Jack asked me many ______ questions. Most ______ his questions are about grammar.
8. I'm new here. I don't know many ______ people.
9. I'm new in this class. I don't know many ______ my classmates.
二、all和both的独特用法:判断下列空格哪些不能加of,哪些可加可不加。
10. Almost all ______ children like stories.
11. All ______ my children are clever.
12. Both ______ those books are mine.
13. Not all ______ people are friendly, but most ______ people have kind hearts.
14. Not all ______ the people in my class are smart, but most ______ the people in my class are smart.
15. All ______ birds have wings, but not all ______ birds can fly.