Chapter 6 动词分类（二）：英语的五种基本句型
6.7 句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
6.7 句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
该句型中的谓语动词是宾补动词（factitive verb），这种动词的后面接宾语，而此宾语的后面又接补充说明宾语的补足语（object complement）。宾语和宾语补足语合起来叫做复合宾语。请看例句：
1 We can call Internet addicts a Webaholic. 我们可以管网上瘾君子叫网虫。
2 We elected John chairman. 我们选约翰作主席。
3 I found this answer wrong. 我发现这个答案是错误的。
4 You can leave the door open. 你可以把门开着。
5 A hedge（树篱） between keeps friendship green. 保持距离，友谊长青。（这句话的意思可引申为“君子之交淡如水”。）
上述例句中的画线部分都是补足语，补充说明前面的宾语。比如我们若只说“You can leave the door.”就表示“你可以把门”，这句话的意思显然不完整，于是我们要对宾语the door进一步补充说明，说成“You can leave the door open.”，这样句子的意思才完整。
现在请读者比较一下上一节讲的“主语+谓语+双宾语”句型和本节讨论的“主语+谓语+复合宾语”句型，学会区分双宾语和复合宾语。其实，区分这两种宾语的方法很简单，就是在宾语的后面加上be动词，若能构成一个语义通顺的句子，则是补足语。因为宾语与宾语补足语的语义关系就相当于主语与主语补足语的关系，即类似一个“主系表”结构。所以，在宾语的后面添上一个系动词be，自然就能构成一个逻辑语义通顺的句子。而间接宾语与直接宾语之间就没有这样的语义关系，所以，添上be之后，不能构成一个语义通顺的句子。请比较：
6 1） I made John our chairman.
2） I made John a cake.
妙语点睛 在例句1）中，在宾语John的后面添上一个is，即“John is our chairman.”，这说得通，所以例句1）中的our chairman是宾语补足语。相反，在例句2）中，在宾语John的后面添上一个is，即“John is a cake.”*（约翰是一块蛋糕。）这显然讲不通，所以例句2）是一个双宾语结构，a cake是直接宾语。
根据这种判断方法，读者可以较为容易地区分双宾语和复合宾语。
写给读者的话
一、本章学习思路
本章分析了英语中的五种基本句型，这是解读英语句子和构造英语句子的基础。因为英文中各种复杂的句子均是由这五种基本句型扩大、组合、省略或倒装等各种形式变化而来的。因此，读者必须熟练掌握这五种基本句型。
二、本章重点及难点
本章重点讨论了英语中简单句的五种基本句型。掌握英语句型的关键在于掌握谓语动词的用法，包括系动词、不及物动词、单宾语动词、双宾语动词和复合宾语动词。具体列表如下：
难点内容主要有两方面：一是理解何谓表语。表语是对主语的补充，因此又称主语补足语，副词一般不作表语。二是双宾语和复合宾语的判断。
掌握了动词的用法，读者就能够灵活地判断句子的骨干结构，这是学习本章内容的重点和目的。
三、本章学习时间安排
本章内容读者可以用三天左右的时间读完一遍。由于本章的内容主要是介绍性的和基础性的，因此，想要真正灵活地掌握本章所讲述的内容，关键在于平时的应用。
一、判断下列句子属于何种句型。
1. Time flies by.
2. It slipped my mind.
3. I can't stand the heat.
4. Fools seldom differ.
5. I sent you an E-mail.
6. It cost me three dollars.
7. Old habits die hard.
8. You can leave the door open.
9. He speaks English well.
10. Teachers will make your English better.
11. They elected George W. Bush U.S. President.
12. The novel won the author a Nobel Prize.
13. That will save you a lot of time.
14. They found the dead boy.
15. They found the boy dead.
16. I found the book easily.
17. I found the book easy.
18. Tom found Jim an apartment.
19. We found John a loyal（忠心的） friend.
20. I will find you a good teacher.
21. I find you a good teacher.
22. She will make him a good wife.
23. She will make him a good husband.
二、翻译下列短文，并分析每个句子的类型。
24. A sentence normally has a subject（主语） and a predicate（谓语）. The subject identifies a person, place or thing. The predicate tells what the subject does or is.
The predicate always includes a verb, and a verb is one of three types—linking, intransitive, or transitive verbs.
The most widely used linking verb is a form of be, such as am, is, are, was, or were. Other linking verbs include: seem, become, feel, sound, taste, smell. The word or phrase that follows a linking verb is called a subject complement.
三、分析下文中画线句子的成分。
25. Two men were standing at a bar（酒吧）. One man turned to the other and said, “I'll bet you $100 that I can bite（咬）my left eye.” The wager（赌注） was accepted, and the man popped（突然挖出）out his glass eye and bit（bite的过去式）it.
“Now,” he said, “I'll give you a chance to win your money back. I'll bet you another $100 that I can bite my right eye.” “He can't have two glass eyes,” thought the other man, and he plunked（重重甩下）down his money.
Then the first man took out his false teeth and bit his right eye.
26. Losers look for quick fixes.
There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-so-easy way. The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is time-consuming and painful, but the weeds will stay away for a longer time. The first solution appeared easy, but the problem remained. The second solution was not so easy, but took care of the problem from the roots. The key is to get to the root of the problem.
The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The problem with people today is that they want instant answer. They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
四、下面两则笑话都涉及对句子成分的理解，请给出解释。
27. A: My father can lift a pig with one hand. Can your dad do that?
B: I'm not sure. Where do you get a pig with one hand?
28. Hairdresser: I've had a lot of strange customers in my time.
Customer: Have you ever shaved a man with a wooden leg?
Hairdresser: No. I always use a razor.