1.3 宾语从句

1.3 宾语从句

宾语从句同样是由前面讨论过的连词引导，在这里就不再一一列举。我们这里主要是关注一下宾语从句在句中的不同位置关系。

1.3.1 在及物动词后作宾语

读者对这种类型的宾语从句应该都比较熟悉。请看下面这个很美的例句：

I’ve learned that love, not time, heals all wounds. I’ve learned that everyone you meet deserves to be greeted with a smile.

I’ve learned that there's nothing sweeter than sleeping with your babies and feeling their breath on your cheeks.

妙语点睛　这里有三个that引导的宾语从句，都是直接跟在及物动词learn后边的。

精品译文　我明白了，是爱，而不是时间能治愈一切创伤。我明白了，你遇到的每一个人都值得你以笑脸相迎。我明白了，世间最美好的事莫过于睡在孩子身边，感受着他们飘散在你脸庞上的呼吸。

1.3.2 在双宾动词后作直接宾语

1 I assure you that I had no intention of offending you.

妙语点睛　这里that引导的从句that I had no intention of offending you充当assure的直接宾语，而you作间接宾语。

精品译文　我向你保证，我当时绝不是故意冒犯你。

2 Prof. Lee's book will show you how what you have observed can be used in other contexts.

妙语点睛　这里how引导的从句how what you have observed can be used in other contexts充当show的直接宾语，而you作间接宾语。

精品译文　李教授的这本书会让你知道如何把你观察到的东西应用到其他场景中。

1.3.3 在双宾动词后作间接宾语

They gave who came to the meeting a pamphlet.

妙语点睛　这里who引导的从句who came to the meeting作主句谓语gave的间接宾语，而gave的直接宾语是a pamphlet。

精品译文　他们给到会的所有人员每人发一本小册子。

1.3.4 在介词后作宾语

1 I find the best way to concentrate is to make notes on what the teachers are saying.

妙语点睛　这里what引导的从句what the teachers are saying作介词on的宾语。

精品译文　我认为（上课）集中注意力的最好办法就是把老师讲的内容记下来。

2 There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.

妙语点睛　这里what及how引导的从句what money is 和 how money is measured作介词about的宾语。

精品译文　经济学家之间对于什么是货币以及怎样计量存在分歧。

3 “The test of any democratic society,”he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat in the face of any threats.”

妙语点睛　这里有两个宾语从句，一个是how引导的how well it can control expression，另一个是whether引导的whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude，二者都是放在介词in后面作宾语。

精品译文　他在《华尔街日报》的一个专栏中写道：“对任何民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制言论的自由表达，而在于它是否能最大限度地赋予思想自由和表达自由，尽管其结果有时可能会非常有争议和令人不悦。面对威胁，我们不会退缩。”

4 In recent years, the debate over whether fossil-appearing objects from Mars were, in fact, indicators of past or present life on that planet has prompted many to ask whether people are ready, psychologically, to accept the possibility of life elsewhere.

妙语点睛　这里有两个whether引导的从句，一个作介词over的宾语，另一个作动词ask的宾语，即两个都是宾语从句，但所处的位置不同。

精品译文　近几年，人们对火星上出现的类似化石的物体是否能表明火星上过去或现在存在生命有争论。此争议也让很多人不禁要问：我们是否已经在心理上准备好接受地球以外存在生命的可能性。

我们再来看下面这道四级考试真题：

5 I will give this dictionary to ______ wants to have it.

A. whomever　B. someone　 C.whoever　 D.anyone

正确答案　C。

妙语点睛　本题考查名词从句的引导词。很多考生因为看到介词to，就认为应该填宾格形式的连词，因此选择A。其实这是错误的，因为这里的介词to后面接的不是单独的一个连词，而是由连词引导的一个宾语从句。这里的宾语从句是 ______ wants to have it，显然从句缺主语，因此应该用主格形式的连词whoever，故C正确。所以，这道题的关键是要看到作介词to的宾语是whoever wants to have it这个宾语从句。

精品译文　谁想要这本词典，我就给谁。

1.3.5 宾语从句后置

宾语从句若出现在复合宾语结构中，此时的宾语从句被置于补足语后面了，因此是一个后置的宾语从句，即“动词+it形式宾语+宾语补足语+that宾语从句”。请看例句：

1 We believe it true that the human body is also a kind of good conductor.

妙语点睛　这里就是一个后置的宾语从句结构，用it来指代这个被后置的宾语从句that the human body is also a kind of good conductor。形容词true作宾语补足语。

精品译文　人体也是一种良导体，我们认为这是对的。

2 We must make it clear that the parties involved are to make every effort to curb the pollution.

妙语点睛　这里就是一个后置的宾语从句结构，用it来指代这个被后置的宾语从句that the parties involved are to make every effort to curb the pollution。形容词clear作宾语补足语。

精品译文　我们必须说清楚，有关部门要尽一切努力来治理污染。

3 There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, do much to protect our diminishing resources.

妙语点睛　这里就是一个后置的宾语从句结构，用it来指代这个被后置的宾语从句。形容词questionable作宾语补足语。

精品译文　这些与防御有关的研究项目会不会说明生活水平的提高，或者会不会有利于保护我们日益减少的资源，对此，有人持怀疑态度。

1.3.6 that在宾语从句中省略的问题

一般来讲，连词that引导宾语从句时，可省去。但若是几个宾语从句并列使用，则that一般都不可省去。原因很简单，有了that的“指路牌”的作用（详见《英语语法新思维中级教程——通悟语法》中2.1.2小节的内容），便于读者快速判断句子结构。请看例句：

I once read that “the beauty of life is its changes”and that “the art of life lies in a constant readjustment to our surroundings”.

妙语点睛　句中含有两个that从句，连词that一般不省去。这里两个that从句作read的宾语，即构成并列的宾语从句。

精品译文　我曾经读到过这样一句话：“生活的魅力在于变化，而生活的艺术在于不断地适应周围环境的变化。”

思维总结

熟悉宾语从句在主句中的不同位置特点，注意宾语从句的后置结构，了解连词that省略的规则。

思维训练1.3 Key

选择最佳答案填空。

1. He asked me ______ I intended to do after my graduation.

A. that what　B. what　 C.that　 D.which

2. Listening carefully to ______ in class means less work later.

A. what does the teacher say　B. what the teacher says

C. that the teacher says　 D.which the teacher says

3. John didn't say ______ he would return, but I presume he’ll be back for dinner.

A. that when　B. when　 C.if or not　 D.where

4. After the accident, I opened my eyes slowly and realized ______ I was still alive.

A. that　B. whether　 C.what　 D.which

5. No one knows exactly ______.

A. how did speech begin　B. how speech began

C. how the beginning of speech　 D.of how beginning speech

6. He wondered ______.

A. what will be his wife's reaction　B. what would his wife's reaction be

C. how would be his wife's reaction　 D.what his wife's reaction would be

7. A popular belief ______ radio and television have homogenized the language of the United States.

A. states that　B. that is stated　 C.that states　 D.stating that

8. I don't care ______ we are invited to the dinner.

A. if or not　B. whether or not　 C.what　 D.that

9. Chinese officials made ______ clear that there could be no normalization of relation until the United States terminated diplomatic relations with Taiwan.

A. that　B. them　 C.it　 D.this

10. He is wondering ______ a doctor.

A. whether or not he should see　B. that he should see or not

C. if or not he should see　 D.if to see or not