Chapter 3状语从句
3.7 结果状语从句
3.7 结果状语从句
3.7.1 常见连词的用法
常用的引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that, such...that以及so that和such that。下面我将详细讨论它们的用法。注意：结果状语从句都要放在主句之后，而不能提到句首。
一、连词so...that的用法
我们见到的最多的结果状语从句就是由so...that引导的。这里so后面接形容词或副词，间或接分词。请看例句：
1. 接形容词
1 Sensible Sam: I saw you pushing your bicycle to work this afternoon.
Foolish Fred: Yes, I was so late that I didn't have time to get on it.
妙语点睛 这里是so...that引导结果状语从句，so后面接了形容词（late）。
2 A geography teacher once told her class, “The moon is so large that several million people could live there.”One boy started laughing, “It sure must get crowded when it's a crescent moon.”
妙语点睛 这里是so...that引导结果状语从句，so后面接了形容词（large）。
3 A “John Hancock”is a person's signature. John Hancock was the first person to sign the American Declaration of Independence. He signed it so large and bold that now we use his name to refer to anyone's signature!
妙语点睛 这里是so...that引导结果状语从句，so后面接了形容词短语（large and bold）。
4 And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.
妙语点睛 这是考研翻译真题。这里是so...that引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词（smart）。
2. 接副词
5 He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true.
妙语点睛 这里是so...that引导结果状语从句，so后面接了副词（consistently）。
6 The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.
妙语点睛 这是考研翻译真题。这里是so...that引导结果状语从句，so后面接了副词（strikingly）。
3. 接分词
7 However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects.
妙语点睛 这是考研翻译真题。这里是so...that引导结果状语从句，so后面接了过去分词（made）。
8 We are so accustomed to adopting a mask before others that we end by being unable to recognize ourselves.
妙语点睛 这里是so...that引导结果状语从句，so后面接了过去分词（accustomed）。
二、连词so that的用法
偶尔我们也用so that来引导结果状语从句，这与前面3.6节讨论的so that引导目的状语从句不同，翻译时要注意区分。请看例句：
9 As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.
妙语点睛 这里是so that引导结果状语从句。
10 Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.
妙语点睛 这里是so that引导结果状语从句，只不过中间插入了in fact。
从以上例句我们可以看到，so that引导目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别主要有两点：一是若so that引导结果状语从句，往往会有逗号将主句与从句隔开；二是在结果状语从句中往往没有情态动词，而目的状语从句通常都含有情态动词。
三、连词such...that的用法
我们可以用such...that来引导结果状语从句，此时such后面要接名词。请看例句：
11 Diplomats and crabs are creatures who move in such a way that it is impossible to tell whether they are coming or going.
妙语点睛 这里是such...that引导结果状语从句，such后面接了名词（a way）。
四、连词such that的用法
其实，在such that引导的结果状语从句中，such就相当于“so+形容词”，具体用什么形容词则要根据上下文来判断。请比较下面的例句：
12 1） His anger was such that he lost control of himself.
2） His anger was so explosive that he lost control of himself.
妙语点睛 我们看到，例句1）中的such在语义上相当于so explosive，这里的explosive用来修饰名词anger。所以，我们可以把例句1）改写成例句2）。
13 1） The weather is such that we can only stay in air-conditioned places.
2） The weather is so hot that we can only stay in air-conditioned places.
妙语点睛 根据上下文，例句1）中的such在语义上相当于so hot，所以，我们可以把例句1）改写成例句2）。
14 The sloth pays so little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair and communities of a parasitic moth live in the depths of its coat producing caterpillars which graze on its moldy hair. Its muscles are such that it is quite incapable of moving at a speed of over a kilometer an hour even over the shortest distances and the swiftest movement it can make is a sweep of its hooked arm. It is virtually deaf and its hearing is so poor that you can let off a gun within inches of it and its only response will be to turn slowly and blink.
妙语点睛 这段短文里既有so...that也有such that引导结果状语从句。根据上下文，第二句中的such在语义上相当于so weak。
不过，有时也很难判断such可能含有的形容词意义，比如：
15 The logic of scientific development is such that separate groups of men working on the same problem in far-scattered laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time.
3.7.2 比较so与such的区别
以上讨论的连词so...that及such...that在用法上的差异，其实涉及一个更为基本的问题，那就是so和such在用法上的区别。二者的区别如下：
一、so的用法
so本身是副词，其后面主要是接形容词或副词，间或接分词。具体用法如下：
1. so+adj./adv.
请看例句：
1 The food is so bad in the school cafeteria that flies go there to lose weight.
2 The house is so expensive that I can't afford to buy it.
2. so+adj.+a(n)+单数可数名词
3 This is so expensive a house that I can't afford to buy it.
4 He is so patient a teacher that every one of us likes him.
3. so many/much/few/little+名词
此外要注意的是，so可以与表示数量的形容词连用，如：many, much, few, little，然后再接名词，如：so many flowers, so many beautiful flowers, so much patience, so much fun, so few cars, so little care等等。此时不能用such。请看例句：
5 The sloth pays so little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair.
6 The neighbors were making so much noise last night that I didn't sleep a wink.
7 He's lost so much weight on his new diet that now he's nothing but skin and bones.
8 My husband steals so many snacks that the only way I could get him to lose weight was to hire a night watchman at our refrigerator.
二、such的用法
such是一个限定词，因此其后面要接名词。具体用法如下：
1. such的后面可直接加各种名词
上面讲过，so的后面不可以直接加名词，而such的后面可以直接加名词。具体来说，such可以接单数可数名词，如：such a house, such a day；可以接复数可数名词，如：such boys, such shirts, such cars；可以接不可数名词，如：such patience, such weather, such information等。请看例句：
9 But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
10 Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.
11 Such a force would give France a three-to-two advantage over Britain.
12 Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort.
13 A very small fraction of the sun's light and heat is emitted in such directions that after passing unhindered through interplanetary space, it hits the earth.
2. such+形容词+名词
这里的名词可以是单数可数名词，比如：such an expensive house, such a nice day，与so比较：so expensive a house；可以是复数可数名词，比如：such nice boys, such good shirts, such expensive cars；可以是不可数名词，比如：such great patience, such nice weather, such important information等。请看例句：
14 It makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?
15 When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice.
3. 限定词+such+名词
虽然我们一般不说such many, such much或such few，但我们可以说many such dogs, much such attention, few such cars。能够这样用的原因是：首先由such修饰名词，比如：such cars；然后再由这些表示数量的形容词修饰such，于是便有了many such cars。其他可用在such前面的限定词有：no, other, some, any, one （two, three...）等。请看例句：
16 These Ministers used “splendid”, “magnificent”and other such expressions to describe the King's new clothes.
17 no such man（不说no such a man*）
18 one such man（不说one such a man*，但说such a man）
19 every such fool（不说every such a fool*）
20 three such men
21 all such men
22 five hundred such planes（500架这样的飞机）
我的一个澳大利亚朋友在网上回答读者关于如何提高口语水平的问题，用到了no such thing，而没有说no such a thing*。请看：
23 Forget about your accent—there is no such thing as a correct English accent or, for that matter, any “best”English accent. You will have a Chinese accent because you were born with it. Accent is not a problem—fluent use of English should be your main goal.
3.7.3 结果状语从句的简化
对于结果状语从句，我们可以用不定式来将其结构简化。上面我们提到，有三个连词可以引导结果从句，即so...that, such...that和such that，那么对应的不定式结构同样分别有三种，即so...as to, such...as to，such as to。注意不要漏掉as。请看例句：
1 He was such a fool as to believe him.
2 He was so foolish as to believe him.
3 Her voice was such as to make everyone stare.
妙语点睛 这里的such相当于“so+形容词”，比如该句可以改写成“Her voice was so bad as to make everyone stare.”或“Her voice was so loud as to make everyone stare.”等等。我们可以根据上下文的意思来选用相应的形容词来改写。
4 His story is ______ to arouse our sympathy.
A. such as B. so sad C.too sad
D. such sad as E. so sad as
妙语点睛 根据上面的分析，我们在这里可以填入A或E，即such as或so sad as。这里的such就等于so sad。
3.7.4 结果状语从句的倒装
在英文中，such/so...that引导结果状语从句，为了强调，还可以将主句中的so或such引导的部分置于句首，从而构成倒装结构。请看例句：
1 So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
妙语点睛 这句话的正常语序为“Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.”。
2 So terrible was the storm that the roofs were all ripped off.
妙语点睛 这句话的正常语序为“The storm was so terrible that the roofs were all ripped off.”。
3 ______ that the pilot couldn't fly through it.
A. So the storm was severe B. So severe was the storm
C. The storm so severe was D.Such was the storm severe
正确答案 B。
妙语点睛 这是一道四级考题。正确的倒装结构应该是B，这句话的正常语序为“The storm was so severe that the pilot couldn't fly through it.”。
我们下面来看一个such...that引导的结果状语从句变为倒装结构的例句：
4 Such a fool was he that he believed her.
妙语点睛 这句话的正常语序为“He was such a fool that he believed her.”。
我们下面来看一个such that引导的结果状语从句变为倒装结构的例句：
5 Such is human nature that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
妙语点睛 这句话真正的主语是human nature，所以该句的正常语序为“Human nature is such that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collars workers.”。
3.7.5 其他短语连接的结果状语从句
这些结构有：to the degree （that）, to the extent （that）, to such a degree （that）, to such an extent （that）。当它们位于句首表示强调时，主句同样需要倒装。请看例句：
1 The bereaved mother was grieved to the degree that she couldn't eat anything for 3 days.
妙语点睛 这里的to the degree that引导的从句表示的是一个结果。
2 Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,”to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”.
妙语点睛 这里的to the extent that引导的从句表示的是一个结果。
我们来看它们的倒装结构。请看例句：
3 To such an extent did he go on with his empty speech that some of us began to doze.
妙语点睛 这句话的正常语序为：He went on with his empty speech to such an extent that some of us began to doze.
4 To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire.
妙语点睛 这句话的正常语序为：His health deteriorated to such an extent that he was forced to retire.
思维总结
本节主要讨论了各种引导结果状语从句的连词，并且介绍了结果状语从句的简化。重点讨论了so与such的区别，对此要求读者完全掌握。另外，结果状语从句的倒装结构也是各类考试经常出题的考点，需要掌握。
思维训练3.7 Key
一、选择最佳答案填空。
1. The performance was such ______ the audience was deeply moved.
A. as B. that C.so D.so that
2. Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ______ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.
A. as B. which C.that D.what
3. To such an extent ______ his empty speech that some of us began to doze.
A. did he go on with B. he would go on with C.he went on with D.he did go on with
4. So involved with their computers ______ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
A. became the children B. become the children C.had the children become D.do the children become
5. It is ______ weather that I would like to go to the beach.
A. so nice B. such nice C.such a nice D.so nice a
6. She told us ______ stories that we all laughed.
A. so funny B. such funny C.funny such D.so fun
7. The windows are ______ small as not to admit much light at all.
A. very B. as C.too D.so
8. Would you be ______ do me a favor, please?
A. so kind to B. kind as to C.as kind to D.so kind as to
9. The police called off their search for the survivors of the air crash because of ______.
A. such bad weather B. so bad C.such a bad weather D.too bad a weather
10. Why did the teacher talk ______?
A. such quiet B. so quietly C.so quiet D.such a quiet voice
11. The music at the party was ______ that the neighbors complained.
A. so loud B. such loudness C.so loudly D.such a loud
12. He's ______ man. Everyone loves him.
A. so kind B. such a kind C.such kindness D.so kindly
13. He fell in love with her at first sight; he’d never seen ______.
A. so beautifully B. such a beautiful C.so beautiful D.such a beauty
14. She had ______ money; she decided to give some of it to charity.
A. so much B. so many C.such much D.such
15. He had ______ things to do, but not enough time to do them all.
A. such B. so much C.so many D.such many
二、辨别改错。
16. Recently in the automobile industry, multinational companies have developed【A】 to the point where such few cars【B】 can be described as having been made【C】 entirely【D】 in one country.
17. The logic of scientific development is so【A】 that separate【B】 groups of men working on【C】 the same problem in far-scattered【D】 laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time.