3.6 目的状语从句

3.6 目的状语从句

3.6.1 常见连词的用法

常用的引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that或that。另外，在目的状语从句中常含有情态动词，比如may/might或can/could等。请看例句：

1 I turned off the TV in order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet.

妙语点睛　这里的从句由in order that引导，表示目的，意为“以便”。从句含有情态动词could。

精品译文　我关掉了电视，好让我的室友安静地学习。

2 When I was a child, I would take a flashlight to bed with me so that I could read comic books without my parents’ knowing about it.

妙语点睛　这里的从句由so that引导，表示目的，意为“以便”。从句含有情态动词could。

精品译文　小的时候，我常常在睡觉时带着手电筒上床，这样我可以偷看连环画册而不被父母发觉。

3 Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.

妙语点睛　这里的从句由so that引导，表示目的，意为“以便”。从句含有情态动词can。

精品译文　人们常引用前科罗拉多州州长理查德·拉姆说过的话，老年多病者“有义务死去和让位”，以便让更年轻、更健康的人发挥他们的潜能。

再看其他更多的例句：

4 I spoke slowly and clearly so that/in order that the audience could understand me.

精品译文　我讲得既慢又清晰，以便听众能听懂我的话。

5 They carved the words on the stone so that/in order that the future generation should remember what they had done.

精品译文　他们在石头上刻字，以便后人记住他们做过的事情。

6 We climbed high (so) that we might get a better view.

精品译文　我们爬到高处，以便能看得更清楚。

7 The teacher raised his voice in order that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

精品译文　老师提高了声音，以便坐在后排的学生能听得更清楚。

从以上例句我们看到，目的状语从句一般位于主句之后。但若要强调目的状语从句，可将so that或in order that引导的从句置于句首。请看例句：

8 In order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet, I turned off the TV.

精品译文　为了让我的室友安静地学习，我关掉了电视。

3.6.2 目的状语从句的简化

对于目的状语从句，我们可以用不定式来将其结构简化。上面我们讨论了由三个连词引导的目的状语从句，即in order that, so that和that，那么对应的不定式结构同样有三种，即in order to do, so as to do和to do。请看下面的详细说明。

一、in order to/so as to+do

我们可用in order to或 so as to+动词（短语）来表示目的。请看例句：

1 All the key words in the article are printed in bold type so as to attract readers’ attention.

精品译文　文章中的所有关键词都用粗体字来印刷，为了提醒读者注意。

2 When I was a child, I would take a flashlight to bed with me in order to read comic books without my parents’ knowing about it.

精品译文　小的时候，我常常在睡觉时带着手电筒上床，这样我可以偷看连环画册而不被父母发觉。

3 I arrived at the cinema early so as not to miss the beginning of the film.

精品译文　我早早到了电影院，这样我就不会错过影片的开头了。

4 We climbed high in order to get a better view.

精品译文　我们爬到高处，以便看得更清楚。

5 We climbed high so as to get a better view.

精品译文　我们爬到高处，以便看得更清楚。

需要提醒的是，in order to可以放在句末，也可以放在句首，但so as to不能置于句首。请看例句：

6 In order to get a better view, we climbed high.

而不能说：

So as to get a better view, we climbed high.*

7 ______ measure matter we must have units of weight, volume and length.

A. In order　B. In order to　 C.So as　 D.So as to

正确答案　B。

妙语点睛　这是一道四级考题。

精品译文　为了便于计量物质，我们得有各种度量单位，比如重量单位、容积单位和长度单位。

二、直接用动词不定式表示目的

我们可以直接用动词不定式to do来表示目的。请看例句：

8 To avoid criticism, do nothing, say nothing, be nothing.

精品译文　要想不被批评，那就什么事也不做，什么话也不说，结果就是什么人也不是。

9 To acquire knowledge, one must study; but to acquire wisdom, one must observe.

精品译文　要想获得知识，我们要学习；但要想获得智慧，我们得观察。

10 I’d climb the highest mountain, just to see you smile. I’d swim the ocean, just to hold your hand. I’d run a million miles, just to be with you forever.

精品译文　我愿意翻越最高的山脉，就是为了目睹你的微笑；我愿意横渡海洋，就是为了与你牵手；我愿意跨越万里，只是为了与你共度此生。

三、in order for+sb.+to do sth.

如果要具体给出不定式的逻辑主语，我们就要用in order for sb. to do sth. 这一不定式结构表示目的，此时往往是因为句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语不一致。请看例句：

11 I spoke slowly and clearly in order for the audience to understand me.

精品译文　我讲得既慢又清晰，以便听众能听懂我的话。

12 They carved the words on the stone in order for the future generation to remember what they had done.

精品译文　他们在石头上刻字，以便后人记住他们做过的事情。

13 The teacher raised his voice in order for the students in the back to hear more clearly.

精品译文　老师提高了声音，以便坐在后排的学生能听得更清楚。

14 I turned off the TV in order for my roommate to study in peace and quiet.

精品译文　我关掉了电视，好让我的室友安静地学习。

3.6.3 其他连词的用法

其他连词如lest（以免，以防）、for fear that（生怕）和in case（万一）也可引导目的状语从句。从句的谓语动词一般用情态动词should，且should常常被省去。请看例句：

1 Take an umbrella with you lest it should rain.

精品译文　随身带把伞，以防下雨。

2 People evacuated the building for fear that the wall should collapse.

精品译文　人们从这栋楼房撤离了，以防墙壁倒塌。

3 They (scientists) should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.

妙语点睛　这里引导目的状语从句的连词是lest，从句的谓语用了动词原形go。主语是单数形式的misinformation，这是因为情态动词should被省去了，所以从句相当于lest animal rights misinformation should go...。

精品译文　他们（科学家）应该及时回复编辑来信，以防止有关动物权利的错误言论不受质疑，甚至披上一层伪真理的外衣。

4 What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.

妙语点睛　这是考研阅读真题。这里引导目的状语从句的连词是lest，从句谓语用了动词原形be，主语是they，这是因为情态动词should被省去了，所以从句相当于lest they should be...。

精品译文　实际的状况是，人们不能像从前那样轻易地、公开地将他们的梦想和盘托出，以免被人认为是出风头、贪婪、庸俗。

顺便要指出的是，在某些句子中，for fear that或lest有时具有否定意义，相当于说in order that...not。请看例句：

5 She cleans the window with great care lest she might break the glass.

妙语点睛　这里lest相当于说in order that...not，所以lest she might break the glass可以改写为in order that she might not break the glass。

精品译文　她如此小心翼翼地擦窗户，以免打破窗玻璃。

6 We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face, for fear that there should be any misunderstanding.

妙语点睛　这里的for fear that相当于说in order that...not，所以for fear that there should be any misunderstanding可以改写为in order that there should not be any misunderstanding。

精品译文　我们开了个会，又当面谈了这件事，以免发生任何误会。

此外，我们还可用in the hope that, on purpose that, for the purpose that, to the end that等来表示目的。请看例句：

7 The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

精品译文　老师提高了声音，以便坐在后排的学生能听得更清楚。

思维总结

本节主要讨论了各种引导目的状语从句的连词，并且介绍了目的状语从句的简化。另外，建议读者了解一下引导目的状语从句的其他连词。

思维训练3.6 Key

选择最佳答案填空。

1. Let's take the front seats ______ we may have a better view.

A. so as to　B. in order to　 C.in order　 D.that

2. The motorist looked over the engine carefully ______ on the way.

A. so that it should go wrong　B. lest it should go wrong

C. in order that should not go wrong　 D.for fear that it should not go wrong

3. I spoke slowly and clearly ______ the audience to understand me.

A. so that　B. in order that　 C.in order for　 D.so as

4. Batteries must be kept in dry places ______ electricity should leak away.

A. where　B. lest　 C.that　 D.unless