Chapter 4 不定式
4.12 不定式的时态和语态(三):进行式(to be doing)
4.12 不定式的时态和语态(三):进行式(to be doing)
不定式的进行式即to be doing,它的含义类似于一个进行时态,所以常用来表示一个进行的动作。具体来说,不定式的进行式用于描写在我们谈论的时间(现在或过去)正在发生的动作,或者说与谓语的动作同时发生的动作。
1 He pretended to be listening attentively when the teacher came by.
妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be listening相当于一个过去进行时态,还原后的句子相当于He pretended that he was listening attentively when the teacher came by.
2 He pretended to be sleeping when she came in.
妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be sleeping相当于一个过去进行时态,还原后的句子相当于He pretended that he was sleeping when she came in.
3 He happened to be singing in the room when I came in this morning.
妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be singing相当于一个过去进行时态,还原后的句子相当于It happened that he was singing in the room when I came in this morning。
4 I happened to be standing outside the bank, and I saw the robbery take place!
妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be standing相当于一个过去进行时态,还原后的句子相当于It happened that I was standing outside the bank and...
我们下面来看一则有关达尔文的笑话:
5
A Charming Monkey
Charles Darwin was once invited to dinner. He happened to be sitting with a beautiful young lady.
“Mr. Darwin,”the lady asked the scientist in a joking voice, “In your opinion, man is changed from the monkey. Was I changed from a monkey, too?”
“Oh, of course you are,”Darwin said politely, looking at her. “But you were not changed from a plain, but from a very charming monkey.”
妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be sitting相当于一个过去进行时态,还原后的句子相当于It happened that he was sitting with a beautiful young lady.
“达尔文先生,”那位小姐以戏谑的口吻问这位科学家。“依您之见,人类是由猴子变来的,请问我也是从猴子变来的吗?”
在以上的例句中,不定式的进行式都是用在过去时里,此时就相当于一个过去进行时态。下面我们来看几个用于现在时的句子,比如:
6 A: Have you saved enough to buy that new printer for your computer yet?
B: You know money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket lately. Maybe next month.
妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be burning相当于一个现在进行时态,还原后的句子相当于It seems that money is burning a hole in my pocket.
7 The economy was in a slump, but now it seems to be bouncing back.
妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be bouncing相当于一个现在进行时态,还原后的句子相当于It seems that the economy is bouncing back.
此外,不定式的进行式to be doing还可以表示反复发生的一般性动作。因为进行时态可以表示一个最近一段时间内持续进行的一般性动作,同样,不定式的进行式也可表示一个反复发生的一般性动作,此时带有很强的感情色彩。请看例句:
8 In the 1980s and early 1990s, athletes entering international sports competitions seemed to be getting younger and younger. Talented young athletes—boys and girls—were spotted early on in their school career, and were given special training.
妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式谈到的是跨越二十世纪八九十年代的事情,所以宜解释为一个一直在持续的一般性活动。
从以上众多例句中我们可以发现,不定式的进行式往往用在一些特定的谓语动词后面,这些谓语动词包括seem,happen和pretend等。不过也可以放在其他一些谓语动词后面,比如:
9 The worst way to miss someone is to be sitting right beside them knowing you can't have them.
妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式直接放在be动词后面。
10 Smile at your interviewer to show you are glad to be talking with him or her. When you first meet, look your interviewer in the eye.
妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式放在形容词glad的后面。
最后要说明的是,不定式的进行式没有被动结构,只有主动结构。还有,它远没有不定式的完成式常用。对此,读者不妨了解一下。
思维总结
不定式的进行式一般也是仅用于特定的谓语动词后面,通常是在seem和happen等动词后面,表示一个正在进行的动作,或是与谓语动作同时发生的动作,相当于一个进行时态。这种形式出现得比较少,读者了解即可。
思维训练4.12 Key
用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1. A: Did you catch our very own Professor Stiller on TV last night?
B: I almost missed it! But my mother just happened ______ (watch) at home and gave me a call.
2. I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem ______ all the time.
A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C.to have got worse D.getting worse