语法核心/高级 · 驾驭语法

Chapter 4 不定式

4.12 不定式的时态和语态(三):进行式(to be doing)

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4.12 不定式的时态和语态(三):进行式(to be doing)

不定式的进行式即to be doing,它的含义类似于一个进行时态,所以常用来表示一个进行的动作。具体来说,不定式的进行式用于描写在我们谈论的时间(现在或过去)正在发生的动作,或者说与谓语的动作同时发生的动作。

1 He pretended to be listening attentively when the teacher came by.

妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be listening相当于一个过去进行时态,还原后的句子相当于He pretended that he was listening attentively when the teacher came by.

精品译文 当老师走过时,他假装正在专心听讲。

2 He pretended to be sleeping when she came in.

妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be sleeping相当于一个过去进行时态,还原后的句子相当于He pretended that he was sleeping when she came in.

精品译文 当她进来的时候,他假装在睡觉。

3 He happened to be singing in the room when I came in this morning.

妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be singing相当于一个过去进行时态,还原后的句子相当于It happened that he was singing in the room when I came in this morning。

精品译文 今天早晨我进来的时候,他碰巧正在唱歌。

4 I happened to be standing outside the bank, and I saw the robbery take place!

妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be standing相当于一个过去进行时态,还原后的句子相当于It happened that I was standing outside the bank and...

精品译文 我当时正好就在银行外面站着,亲眼看见了这次抢劫案!

我们下面来看一则有关达尔文的笑话:

5

A Charming Monkey

Charles Darwin was once invited to dinner. He happened to be sitting with a beautiful young lady.

“Mr. Darwin,”the lady asked the scientist in a joking voice, “In your opinion, man is changed from the monkey. Was I changed from a monkey, too?”

“Oh, of course you are,”Darwin said politely, looking at her. “But you were not changed from a plain, but from a very charming monkey.”

妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be sitting相当于一个过去进行时态,还原后的句子相当于It happened that he was sitting with a beautiful young lady.

精品译文

一只迷人的猴子

有一次,达尔文应邀参加晚宴,碰巧和一位年轻貌美的小姐坐在一起。

达尔文先生,”那位小姐以戏谑的口吻问这位科学家。“依您之见,人类是由猴子变来的,请问我也是从猴子变来的吗?”

“那当然喽,”达尔文望着她彬彬有礼地答道。“不过,您不是由普通的猴子变来的,而是由一只非常迷人的猴子变来的。”

在以上的例句中,不定式的进行式都是用在过去时里,此时就相当于一个过去进行时态。下面我们来看几个用于现在时的句子,比如:

6 A: Have you saved enough to buy that new printer for your computer yet?

B: You know money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket lately. Maybe next month.

妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be burning相当于一个现在进行时态,还原后的句子相当于It seems that money is burning a hole in my pocket.

精品译文 A:为你的电脑买那台新打印机的钱你攒够了吗?

B:你知道,最近我有钱在口袋里就搁不住,就要花掉,所以也许要等下个月了。

7 The economy was in a slump, but now it seems to be bouncing back.

妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式to be bouncing相当于一个现在进行时态,还原后的句子相当于It seems that the economy is bouncing back.

精品译文 经济曾一度下滑,不过现在似乎正在反弹。

此外,不定式的进行式to be doing还可以表示反复发生的一般性动作。因为进行时态可以表示一个最近一段时间内持续进行的一般性动作,同样,不定式的进行式也可表示一个反复发生的一般性动作,此时带有很强的感情色彩。请看例句:

8 In the 1980s and early 1990s, athletes entering international sports competitions seemed to be getting younger and younger. Talented young athletes—boys and girls—were spotted early on in their school career, and were given special training.

妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式谈到的是跨越二十世纪八九十年代的事情,所以宜解释为一个一直在持续的一般性活动。

精品译文 在20世纪80年代及90年代早期,参加国际大赛的运动员的年龄似乎越来越小。那些有天赋的年轻男女运动苗子很早就会在学校被发现,然后接受专门的训练。

从以上众多例句中我们可以发现,不定式的进行式往往用在一些特定的谓语动词后面,这些谓语动词包括seem,happen和pretend等。不过也可以放在其他一些谓语动词后面,比如:

9 The worst way to miss someone is to be sitting right beside them knowing you can't have them.

妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式直接放在be动词后面。

精品译文 思念一个人最无助的情形是:你就在此人身边却无法拥有他/她。

10 Smile at your interviewer to show you are glad to be talking with him or her. When you first meet, look your interviewer in the eye.

妙语点睛 这里的不定式的进行式放在形容词glad的后面。

精品译文 在面试的时候,要面带微笑,这样可以向面试官表明你非常乐意与他们交谈。当你们初次见面时,你要看着他们的眼睛。

最后要说明的是,不定式的进行式没有被动结构,只有主动结构。还有,它远没有不定式的完成式常用。对此,读者不妨了解一下。

思维总结

不定式的进行式一般也是仅用于特定的谓语动词后面,通常是在seem和happen等动词后面,表示一个正在进行的动作,或是与谓语动作同时发生的动作,相当于一个进行时态。这种形式出现得比较少,读者了解即可。

思维训练4.12 Key

用括号中动词的适当形式填空。

1. A: Did you catch our very own Professor Stiller on TV last night?

B: I almost missed it! But my mother just happened ______ (watch) at home and gave me a call.

2. I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem ______ all the time.

A. to get worse B. to be getting worse  C.to have got worse  D.getting worse