6.9 将来完成进行时

6.9 将来完成进行时

将来完成进行时的用法与现在完成进行时基本相同，只是将“坐标时间”移到了将来。同样是强调动作的持续性，表示开始于将来某个时刻之前的动作持续到将来这一时刻，并可能继续持续下去。从时间的角度来看，将来完成进行时需要在上下文中有将来的时间坐标，这类似于过去完成进行时的过去的时间坐标。通常用“by+将来时间”或者是“by the time+从句（从句谓语用一般现在时）”来给出一个将来的时间坐标。请看例句：

1 My brother has promised to help me study for my exam tomorrow. I get home from school at 3:00 and he gets home from school at 5:00. I will have been studying for two hours by the time he gets home.

妙语点睛　这里是“by the time+从句”结构给出的将来的时间坐标，从句的谓语gets是一般现在时态，但表示将来的动作。然后在这个将来时间的基础上谈论之前的一个延续事件——一直在学习（到5:00时，studying的活动仍将持续），此时就要用将来完成进行时will have been studying这一较为复杂的动词形式。

图示如下：

精品译文　我哥哥答应帮我学习，以准备明天的考试。我下午3点放学回家，他则是下午5点放学回家。所以，等他到家后，我都得一直学习两个小时了。

再看其他类似的例句：

一、长期延续的事件：

2 I’m retiring this fall. By then I’ll have been teaching for 30 years.

我将于今年秋天退休，到那时，我教书就有30年了。

3 She will have been taking care of her blind husband for 20 years by then.

到那时，她照顾她双目失明的丈夫就将有20年了。

二、说话时刻在延续的事件

4 I’m getting tired of sitting in the car. Do you realize that by the time we arrive in Beijing, we will have been driving for twenty straight hours?

我在车里都坐累了。你有没有想到，等我们到北京的时候，我们连续开车就将达到20个小时了？

以上是将来完成进行时表示延续事件。将来完成进行时同样可以表示重复事件，即表示在将来某个时间之前经常重复的动作。请看例句：

5 The old man will have been getting up at 4:00 for ten years by next month.

到下个月，这老头坚持凌晨4:00起床就将长达10年时间了。

6 I will have been attending Professor Smith’s lectures for half a year by next week.

到下个星期，我听史密斯教授的讲座就将有半年了。

7 By tomorrow I will have been doing morning exercises for 100 days.

到明天，我坚持做早操就将有100天了。

综合训练 Key

一、请用适当的时态填空。

1. This morning I came to class at 9:00. Right now it is 10:00, and I am still in class. I ______ （sit） at this desk for an hour. By 9:30, I ______ （sit） here for half an hour. By 11:00, I ______ （sit） here for two hours.

2. It is midnight. I ______ （study） for five straight hours. No wonder I’m getting tired.

3. It was midnight. I ______ （study） for five straight hours. No wonder I was getting tired.

4. Clint woke up in the middle of last night. He was frightened and didn’t know where he was. He ______ （dream）.

5. When I got home, I saw Clint was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off. He ______ （watch） TV.

6. He finally showed up at nine o’clock. I ______ （wait） for him since six o’clock.

7. We were good friends. We ______ （know） each other for a long time.

8. When I arrived, my girlfriend was waiting for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she ______ （wait） for a very long time on such a windy day.

9. Yesterday I saw Leon sitting on the ground. He was out of breath. He ______ （run）.

10. Your eyes are red. You ______ （cry）?

11. Her eyes were red. It was obvious she ______ （cry）.

12. My legs were stiff because I ______ （sit） in the same position too long.

13. My legs are stiff because I ______ （sit） in the same position too long.

14. A: Don’t you think Prof. Morison’s test was too difficult?

B: Well, I must admit I ______ （expect） more than just a passing grade in biology.

15. A: I kept looking for Mary at the seminar but never did see her. I can’t imagine she forgot about it and she ______ （talk） about it for weeks.

B: Oh she didn’t. It’s just that she caught a really bad cold a couple of days ago.

16. A: ______ you ______ （have） a chance to wear your new shirt yet?

B: That reminds me. I ______ （mean） to exchange it for a larger size.

17. Titanic的发掘：

In 1912, the“unsinkable”luxury ship Titanic ______ （hit） an iceberg and ______ （sink） to the bottom of the sea. Its final resting place ______ （remain） a mystery for more than 70 years. You probably already know that tragic story. But do you know the whole story? Do you know who finally ______ （discover） the wreck of the Titanic?

Robert Ballard, of course. Who’s Ballard? He’s an explorer who ______ （see） more of the ocean floor than anyone in history. He ______ （explore） under the ocean waves for more than 30 years!

18. 谈辞职：

A: So why would you want to leave?

B: Because I feel you ______ （treat） me like a person with no options.

A: Huh?

B: I mean, I ______ （not, have） a raise in three years, or the chance to do anything new or creative. I feel stagnant. Now, if we could do something to change that…

A: George, maybe I ______ （take） you for granted. If I gave you a good raise and some new responsibilities, would you stay?

B: I’d certainly consider it. Let’s talk about it some more.

19. 谈转学：

A: I’m thinking about transferring out of state college into another school in the spring.

B: After only a year and a half? How come? I ______ （think） you ______ （like） it here.

A: I do. But our Commercial Art Department only ______ （give） associate degrees.

B: And you want a bachelor’s, right?

A: Right!

B: So where do you want to go?

A: I ______ （think） about Westwater University. It has an excellent reputation. But it’s probably very selective.

B: But you ______ （get） good grades in the three semesters since you ______ （be） in here at the state college, haven’t you?

A: Yeah, mostly As in my major and a few Bs in sciences.

B: So what are you worried about? Just ask your art professors to write letters of recommendation for you and give you portfolio together, and you’ll be set.

20. 谈旅游：

A: I ______ （study） too much and need a change. So I’m just making plans to go away during January break.

B: Really? Where are you going?

A: I ______ （plan） to visit New Mexico.

B: My sister and I ______ （have） the vacation there last year and we had a great time.

A: ______ you ______ （get） into Albuquerque?

B: Sure. Whenever we were skating.

21. 牛顿的故事：

Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly ______ （discover） gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples ______ （fall） in many places for centuries and thousands of people ______ （see） them fall. But Newton for years ______ （be） curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he ______ （ask） himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

22. 超速被罚：

A: Can I see your license and registration please?

B: What’s the matter, officer? Did I do something wrong?

A: You ______ （speed）.

B: I ______ （speed）?

A: You certainly were. Do you have any idea how fast you ______ （go）?

B: I’m not sure, but I think I ______ （go） about 35.

A: This street is in a 25-mile-per-hour speed zone, you know.

B: It is?

A: In this state, the speed limit in residential area is 25 unless otherwise posted. Besides, there are signs all along this street.

B: I’m sorry, officer, I guess I ______ （not, notice）. I was thinking about my job interview. I’m on my way to it right now and I ______ （not, plan） to come this way.

A: What do you mean?

B: Well, I ______ （go） to come down Elm Street but the traffic was really backed up. There was some kind of construction going on. I turned on to a side street and ended up here. Give me a break. I’m nervous enough as it is.

二、请选择最佳答案填空。

23. I can’t believe it, Inspector. You mean that Smith ______ money from the till all this time!

A. stole

B. has stolen

C. has been stealing

D. steals

24. You three boys look very guilty! What ______ since I ______ the room?

A. did you do/have left

B. have you done/left

C. have you been doing/left

D. have you been doing/ have left

25. A: You look great since you ______ those exercise classes.

B: Thanks. I’ve never felt better in my life.

A. took

B. have been taking

C. take

D. are taking

26. A: Are you keeping current on the news from home since you ______ here?

B: I ______ weekly updates.

A. was/have got

B. have been/have been getting

C. was/have been getting

D. have been/have got

27. I’m having problems with David. He ______ me up in the middle of the night and ______ me his troubles.

A. has called/told

B. has been calling/telling

C. has been calling/told

D. called/told

28. I feel really tired. I ______ the garden for the last three hours and I ______ for a single moment.

A. weeded/didn’t rest

B. have weeded/haven’t rested

C. have been weeding/haven’t rested

D. have been weeding/didn’t rest

29. Don’t forget that you ______ Mrs. Dawson. She ______ outside since 10:30.

A. didn’t see/has waited

B. haven’t seen/has waited

C. haven’t seen/has been waiting

D. didn’t see/has been waiting

30. I can’t believe that you ______ three pizzas already! I ______ them in fifteen minutes ago!

A. ate/only brought

B. have been eating/only brought

C. have eaten/have only brought

D. have eaten/only brought

31. It’s a long time since I ______ you. What ______ ?

A. saw/did you do

B. have seen/have you done

C. saw/have you been doing

D. have been seeing/have you been doing

32. He ______ several novels since 1985. Most of them ______ quite successful, but the last one ______ very good reviews.

A. has written/were/hasn’t got

B. wrote/have been/didn’t get

C. has written/have been/didn’t get

D. wrote/were/didn’t get

33. By the time you get back, great changes ______ in this area.

A. will take place

B. will be taken place

C. will be taking place

D. will have taken place

34. By the time you ______, I ______ all my housework.

A. returned/will have finished

B. return/will finish

C. return/will have finished

D. returned/finished

35. When I ______ the letter, I ______ it to you.

A. wrote/will show

B. wrote/would show

C. have written/will show

D. have written/would show

36. I ______ New York in 1986, but I ______ there since.

A. visit/hadn’t been

B. visited/haven’t been

C. visit/haven’t been

D. visited/hadn’t been

37. I think by five o’clock the children ______ from their work.

A. will return

B. had returned

C. will have returned

D. have returned

38. Someone ______ my book. I ______ for it for the last ten minutes, but I can’t see it anywhere.

A. took/have been looking

B. has taken/am looking

C. took/was looking

D. has taken/have been looking

39. Just imagine, if all goes well, by Christmas we ______ in the new house for almost two months.

A. are living

B. have lived

C. will live

D. will have been living

40. I hope you ______ all the possibilities before you make the final decision.

A. are considered

B. will be considering

C. will have considered

D. would have considered

41. I ______ to visit them yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.

A. planned

B. had planned

C. did plan

D. was planning

42. John and I ______ neighbors since we ______ children.

A. are/were

B. were/have been

C. have been/are

D. have been/were

43. —The plumber ______ here yet?

—Yes, but he only ______ for thirty minutes.

A. has been/has stayed

B. was/has stayed

C. has been/stayed

D. was/stayed

44. Many years ago, he ______ in Paris with his uncle for a long period of time.

A. had been living

B. had lived

C. lived

D. has been living

45. How long ______ here? I ______ you come in.

A. do you sit/haven’t seen

B. did you sit/did not see

C. have you sat/have not seen

D. have you been sitting/did not see

46. I ______ a great deal ______ I came to England.

A. have learned/before

B. have learned/since

C. learned/since

D. learn/after

47. I ______ there for five minutes when all the lights ______ out.

A. was/went

B. had been/went

C. have been/go

D. have been/went

48. I ______ this crossword puzzle for the last hour, but I ______ half of it yet.

A. am doing/haven’t finished

B. have been doing/haven’t finished

C. did/didn’t finish

D. had done/didn’t finish

49. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

A. are to challenge

B. may be challenged

C. are challenging

D. have been challenged

50. It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory ______ by about 10%.

A. will have risen

B. has risen

C. will be rising

D. has been rising

51. That was the first time the old lady ______ her suffering to others.

A. was telling

B. had told

C. have told

D. told

52. I ______ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.

A. mean

B. have meant

C. meant

D. had meant

53. The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, ______ every four years so far this century, except during the two world wars.

A. are held

B. were held

C. had been held

D. have been held

54. It’s the third time I ______ this particular aspect of grammar.

A. explain

B. explained

C. have explained

D. will explain

55. On her next anniversary she ______ married for 25 years.

A. will be

B. will have been

C. has been

D. is being

56. In two years’ time he ______ his master’s degree in chemistry.

A. has completed

B. will be completing

C. will have completed

D. will have been completing

57. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she ______ too long.

A. has been reading

B. had read

C. is reading

D. read

58. It seems oil ______ from this pipe for some time; we’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

A. had leaked

B. is leaking

C. leaked

D. has been leaking

59. ______ a rapid development in the application of laser over the last twenty year.

A. There is

B. There will be

C. There has been

D. There had been

60. By the end of this term, David ______ Chinese for four years, but he will still need more training and experience before he masters the language.

A. will be studying

B. has studied

C. will have been studying

D. has been studying

61.“I think the milkman sent us the wrong bottle.”“It’s likely. They ______ that many times before.”

A. do

B. done

C. have done

D. are doing

62. By the year 2030, scientists probably ______ a cure for cancer.

A. have found

B. will have found

C. will be finding

D. are finding

63. I was lucky actually because that was the second time I ______ China that year.

A. have visited

B. visited

C. had visited

D. would visit

64. When the robber came in, carrying the sword, most of the passengers looked up in surprise, because they ______ anything like it before.

A. didn’t see

B. have never seen

C. never saw

D. had never seen

65. If the population of the Earth goes on increasing at its present rate, by the middle of the 21st century, we ______ all the oil that drives our cars.

A. will use up

B. will have been using up

C. will have used up

D. have used up

66.“Let’s hurry. The manager is coming.”“Oh, I was afraid that we ______.”

A. already miss him

B. had already missed him

C. will miss him already

D. have already missed him

67. This is the first time that I ______ really relaxed for weeks.

A. had felt

B. feel

C. have felt

D. shall feel

68. By the time the fire engine arrived, the house ______ to the ground.

A. burned

B. had burned

C. has burned

D. should have burned

69. Ever since the painter’s paintings went on exhibit, there ______ large crowds at the museum every day.

A. is

B. has been

C. have been

D. are being

70. Until then, Jack’s family ______ from him for more than a year.

A. hadn’t heard

B. hasn’t heard

C. didn’t hear

D. hasn’t been hearing

71. Pick me up at 6 o’clock. I ______ my bath by then.

A. may have

B. can have had

C. will be having

D. will have had

72. By the time James ______ back from his holiday the milkman will have left twenty bottles of milk outside his doors.

A. will get

B. has got

C. will be getting

D. will have got

73. It is amazing that the Leaning Tower of Pisa ______ for so long.

A. have stood

B. stands

C. has been standing

D. should have stood

74. She answered the door ______ a magazine she ______.

A. carried/read

B. carrying/had been reading

C. carrying/had read

D. carried/was reading

三、请把下列各句中的中文翻译成英文。

75. 近一个月来，Jim每天半夜都要给我打电话，向我诉苦，真的让我很烦！

76. 我们谈恋爱有三年了。

77. 最近物价一直看涨，不知是否会一直这样。

78. 你最近又在熬夜？

79. 那话你都说了有五年了。

80. 我计划这次旅行有一年多了，并且和他讨论了很多次。

81. 自从上大学以来，我一直坚持早起。

82. A: Have you had a chance to wear your new shirt yet?

B: That reminds me. 我一直想换个大号的。

83. A: 我一直想检查一下眼睛。I just haven’t gotten around to it yet.

B: Why don’t you call for an appointment right away? Once on your calendar you will get it done.

84. A: 自从我一个人搬了那个很重的书桌以来，到现在，我肩膀疼了两三个星期了。

B: If it hasn’t gotten better by now you should have it looked at.

85. A: 今年你一直住在校外的，是吧？

B: Yes, and I’m going to next year too. It’s so much nicer than living in the dormitory.

86. A: You ought to see a doctor about that cough.

B: I guess I should. 我已经拖了好几天了。