Chapter 8 情态动词
8.15 基本用法(十):shall的特殊用法
8.15 基本用法(十):shall的特殊用法
有一个关于“侦探与小偷”的故事:
一个侦探逮住了一名罪犯。他正准备给罪犯戴上手铐,这时刮起了一阵狂风,把侦探的帽子吹落了。罪犯立即说:“需要我去帮你把帽子捡起来吗?”侦探答道:“你把我当傻瓜啊?你在这里等着,我自己去捡!”
A detective arrested a criminal and was about to handcuff him when a huge gust of wind blew the detective’s hat off.
“Shall I go and fetch it?”the criminal asked.“Do you take me for a fool?”asked the detective.“You wait here while I go and get it!”
对话中小偷用了情态动词shall,这是shall的一个用法。本节将对shall的用法进行详细讲解。
8.15.1 用于第一人称的疑问句中:Shall I/we…?
当shall用于第一人称时,此时的shall可以表示主动提供帮助、提供建议或请求给予指示。具体如下:
一、主动提供帮助
此时的Shall I…?相当于Would you like me to do sth.?比如上面故事中的小偷说:
1 Shall I go and fetch it?
相当于“Would you like me to go and fetch it?要不要我去帮你把帽子捡回来啊?”。
再比如:
2 Shall I open the window?
相当于“Would you like me to open the window? 你要不要我把窗户打开?”。
3 Shall we/I deliver the goods to your home address? 你要我(们)把货物送到你家去吗?
二、主动提供建议
4 Shall we meet at the theater? 我们在剧院见面好吗?
可以说成:
Let’s meet at the theater, shall we? 我们在剧院见面吧,好吗?
Shall we leave at two? 我们两点钟走如何?
What shall we do this evening? Shall we go to the theater? 我们今晚做些什么?去剧院好吗?
三、表示请求给予指示
5 How shall I cook it? 这东西该怎么做着吃?
6 Where shall we put this? 我们该把这东西放在哪里?
8.15.2 用于第三人称的疑问句中
在表示提供建议或请求给予指示的意思时,shall可以用于第三人称。比如:
1 A man wants to see you, sir. Shall he wait outside?
相当于“Would you like him to wait outside? 你要不要让他在外面等呢?”。
2 Shall he come with us?
相当于“Would you like him to come with us?(你)要不要让他和我们一起去呢?”。
8.15.3 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中
一、表示“命令”
在法律条文、规章制度中,常用shall表示“命令”,这主要用于第三人称。此时,shall在意思上接近must。比如:
1 It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
2 The license of a person who is arrested for driving while intoxicated shall be suspended.
3 The author shall prepare a manuscript which shall meet the following requirements.作者准备的手稿必须满足下列要求。
4 Each competitor shall wear a number. 每位参赛人员必须佩戴号码。
5 Members shall enter the names of their guests in the book provided.
6 The Permit Holder shall comply with all conditions of this Permit. 许可证持有人必须完全遵守本许可证的全部条件。
7 No player shall knowingly pick up or move the ball of another player. 不得故意捡起或移动其他球员的球。
这样使用的shall很正式,若是在不是很正式的场合,可以用must或are to do来代替shall。
二、表示说话人的许诺
shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人的许诺。请看例句:
8 You shall have the money back next week.
相当于“I promise you will have the money back next week.(我答应)你下周一定能拿回这钱。”。
9 If he passes the examination he shall have a bicycle.
相当于“I promise he will have a bicycle. (我答应)只要他能通过考试,就可以得到一辆自行车作为奖励。”。
10 The boss has promised that every employee shall have a rise in income. 老板已经答应给每一位员工涨工资。
三、表示说话人强烈的意愿,甚至威胁
shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人强烈的意愿,甚至威胁。请看例句:
11 They shall do as they are told. 他们一定要按照吩咐他们的去做。
12 He shall be punished if he disobeys. 若他不服从,定将受到处罚。
13 You shall do exactly as I say. 你一定得按我说的去做。
14 You shall pay for this. 你一定得为此付出代价!