Chapter 8 情态动词
8.5 推测用法(四):情态动词(完成)进行式
8.5 推测用法(四):情态动词(完成)进行式
在8.1.3小节讲过,情态动词接完成式、进行式及完成进行式时,情态动词均是表示推测的含义。所以,情态动词与进行式或完成进行式连用时,表达的意思与相应的进行时态或完成进行时态的意思差不多,只是增加了情态的意义——推测含义。比如:
1 I can’t reach my friend. His line is always busy. He might be using the Internet now.
这里是说,我打不通朋友的电话,电话总是占线,于是我就推测他现在可能正在上网,占用了电话线。如果我是很确信他在上网,那就可以说成:
He must be using the Internet now.
或者不是很确信地说:
He may be using the Internet now.
当然,如果知道他确实就在上网,则可以不用情态动词,而直接用现在进行时态说成:
He is using the Internet now.
从以上的例句我们看到,“情态动词进行式”同一般进行时态一样,表达的是一个现在正在进行的活动,只是因为有了情态动词而增添了情态的意义——推测含义。
在《老友记》(Friends)中有这样一个场景:罗斯(Ross)的前妻卡萝尔(Carol)要临产了,罗斯、蕾切尔(Rachel)、钱德勒(Chandler)、乔伊(Joey)和莫妮卡(Monica)等众人在医院的休息室里等候卡萝尔和她的同性恋女友苏珊(Susan)的到来。罗斯见她们迟迟未到,焦急地说道:
2 She’s not here yet. She’s not here. She’s having my baby and she’s not here. God, I don’t believe this. She could be giving birth in the cab.
妙语点睛 could be giving是情态动词接进行式,表示在说话的时刻可能发生的事情。我们也看到,这里罗斯用了最不肯定的词could,一方面表明他不希望他的前妻在出租车上生孩子这件事真的发生,另一方面也说明了他的焦急程度——急得如此胡思乱想!如果他希望这件事发生,他就会用should了。
我们再来看其他例句:
3 A: Congratulations! I understand you got a job. When do you start work?
B: You must be thinking of someone else. I’m still waiting to hear.
4 I am afraid he hasn’t found a job. He must still be checking the papers.
5 The plane should be landing now. 飞机现在肯定在降落。
6 They can’t be having dinner right now. 他们现在不可能还在吃晚饭。
“情态动词进行式”也可以用在虚拟语气中。比如下面这个面试的场景:
7 A man is applying for a job. Here is the talk between the director and him.
Director: What’s your name, please?
Man: Greg Bulmash.
Director: What’s your favorite position?
Man: Whatever’s available. Well, if I were a picky person, I wouldn’t be applying here in the first place.
Director: What salary do you expect?
Man: $185,000 a year plus stock options and a long vacation.
我们再来看看情态动词与have been doing连用的情形。请看例句:
8 A: Oh, I must have been sitting in the same position too long. My legs have fallen asleep.
B: Shake it a little before you get up.
妙语点睛 这里must的后面接完成进行式表示推测,而且这里的完成进行式就相当于一个现在完成进行时态have been sitting,表示一直持续的动作或状态。
请看其他例句:
9 You must have been dreaming. 你刚才一定是一直在做梦。
10 You can’t/couldn’t have been swimming all day. 你不可能一整天都一直在游泳。
“情态动词完成进行式”也可以用在虚拟语气中。比如:
11 You shouldn’t have been following him so closely; you should have kept your distance.