Chapter 7 虚拟语气
7.9 名词从句中如何使用虚拟
7.9 名词从句中如何使用虚拟
虚拟语气除了用在上述非真实条件从句中以外，在特定的名词从句中也需要用虚拟语气。这里所说的“特定的名词从句”，是指这样的名词从句中均要含有特定的标志词，这些标志词可用来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求或意志等语气。而且，与非真实条件虚拟句中的主句和从句的谓语动词的形式完全不同的是，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律，那就是：名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词是何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为“should动词原形”，其中should可以省去。这里特别要提醒读者注意：不是用would，而是用should。比如：
1 I suggest that we should go tomorrow.
2 I suggested that we should go the next day.
妙语点睛 上面两个例句中的suggest 即是我们所说的标志词。这里从句中谓语的时态（should go）并没有受主句谓语时态（suggest，suggested）的影响。
由此可知，要掌握名词从句的虚拟句，最终归结为：记住相应的标志词即可，一旦主句中出现某一个标志词，就要注意其从句谓语须用（should）+do。
下面几小节分别为读者列出了一些常见的标志词。
7.9.1 在下列词的宾语从句中
ask （要求，请求），advise，beg，command，demand，decide，deserve，desire，determine，insist，move （动议，提议），order，prefer，propose，require，recommend，request，suggest和urge等。请看例句：
1 His father urged that he study medicine.
妙语点睛 注意这句话中用study，不用studies。
2 The Chinese government and people have demanded that the U.S. Government shoulder all the responsibilities for the incident, apologize to the Chinese side and take effective measures to prevent the recurrence of such incidents.
3 The instructions ask that we not take more than three tablets once.
妙语点睛 从句的谓语not take相当于should not take，这里should被省去了。
4 The board deemed it urgent that these files should be printed right away.
妙语点睛 这里因为有了形容词urgent，所以从句要用虚拟语气，即用动词should be printed的形式。
5 Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment—although no one had proposed to do so—and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning….NBAC will ask that Clinton’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law.
妙语点睛 这里因为有了动词order和ask，所以从句要用虚拟语气，即用动词原形。
7.9.2 在it is+形容词/过去分词/特定的名词+that的主语从句中
一、形容词
astonishing，amazing，advisable，appropriate，crucial，desirable，essential，important，imperative，keen，necessary，natural，normal，odd，proper，preferable，strange，sorry，shocked，surprising，urgent，unusual和vital等。这些形容词一般表示个人对事件的反应。请看例句：
1 If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
妙语点睛 这里因为有了形容词crucial，所以从句要用虚拟语气，即用动词原形be。
2 It is natural that I should dwell upon his successes rather than upon his failures.
3 It is strange that he should not come here.
妙语点睛 这里的should只表明一种意外的语气，可译为“竟然”。
4 It’s essential that people be psychologically able to resist the impact brought about by the transition from planned economy to market economy.
5 It is important that the hotel receptionist make sure that guests are registered correctly.
6 It is quite natural that the customs of all national minorities be respected.
二、过去分词
decided，desired，demanded，ordered，requested，required，recommended和 suggested 等。请看例句：
7 It is requested that all members be present at the meeting. 要求所有的成员都出席这次会议。
8 It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios not be played after 11 o’clock at night.
三、特定的名词
advice，decision，desire，demand，suggestion，motion，pray，resolution，wish，preference，proposal，recommendation，requirement，idea和order等。请看例句：
9 It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad. 我建议把他送到国外去学习。
7.9.3 在上述名词的表语从句和同位语从句中
1 Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
妙语点睛 这里因为有了名词insistence，所以从句要用虚拟语气，即用动词原形。
2 For my own part, it seems that the main requirement of an international language is that it be easily learned.
3 The motion that the meeting be adjourned was adopted. 要求会议暂停的动议被批准了。
4 Reports indicate that both sides have softened their respective positions for a possible settlement. The government has backed away from demands that the software giant be broken up, while Microsoft is now more willing to accept restrictions on how it manages its business.
5 The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 由市长颁奖的建议被所有人接受了。
最后需要说明的是，以上所列的标志词仅是一部分比较常见的，还有很多在此并没有详细地列举出来，读者可以在今后的学习当中不断地积累、总结。
思维训练 7.9 Key
一、请选择最佳答案填空。
1. The instructions ask that we ______ more than three tablets once.
A. not to take
B. not take
C. won’t take
D. wouldn’t take
2. It is important that the hotel receptionist ______ that guests are registered correctly.
A. make sure
B. made sure
C. has made sure
D. must make sure
3. It is quite natural that the customs of all national minorities ______.
A. would be respected
B. were respected
C. be respected
D. had been respected
4. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o’clock at night.
A. were not played
B. not be played
C. not to play
D. did not play
5. The suggestion that the mayor ______ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A. would present
B. present
C. presents
D. ought to present
6. The board deemed it urgent that these files ______ right away.
A. had to be printed
B. should have been printed
C. must be printed
D. should be printed
7. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ______ in religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
A. is to be analyzed
B. has been analyzed
C. be analyzed
D. should have been analyzed
二、辨别改错。
8. When 【A】Edison died, it was proposed that the American people turned off 【B】all power 【C】in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of 【D】this great man.